Hybrid wars: modern challenges and prospects

This study examines the concept of “hybrid war”. It is noted that this phenomenon is characterized by high complexity, dynamism, and a wide range of strategies employed. The key characteristics of hybrid wars are identified, with particular emphasis on their ability to rapidly adapt to changing conditions and the specifics of particular conflicts. The aim of the study is to identify the key mechanisms of hybrid wars, analyze their impact on state institutions and international organizations, and consider the most significant examples of the 21st century. The research is based on a comprehensive approach that includes the analysis of official documents, reports from international organizations, academic publications, and media materials. Methods of systematic and comparative analysis, induction, deduction, and generalization have been applied. As a result, the main features of hybrid wars have been identified, including information attacks, economic pressure, cyber influence, and the use of irregular armed groups. Examples of hybrid conflicts, such as the Syrian Civil War and the crisis in Venezuela, are analyzed. The role of international institutions in regulating such confrontations is highlighted. Special attention is given to the strategies of leading states in hybrid wars, their influence on international security, and the transformation of the geopolitical balance. The ineffectiveness of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms in addressing new challenges is demonstrated. In conclusion, it is noted that hybrid wars are becoming a dominant tool of geopolitical competition, necessitating a revision of international norms and the development of adaptive response strategies to protect national interests and ensure global stability.