Prediction of preeclampsia: A retrospective study

Background. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with a high risk of preterm birth, fetal growth retardation, perinatal and maternal mortality, neonatal hospitalization in the intensive care unit, and long-term negative consequences for both mother and child. FMF screening was a breakthrough in the diagnostic search for patients at risk of PE; this screening is currently used in many countries, including Russia. It uses the patient's history data and biophysical and biochemical indicators to improve PE prediction during pregnancy.

Aim. To develop a risk rating score that practitioners can use as an adjunct to the first screening to improve the prognosis for PE.

Materials and methods. In the first stage of the study, the medical records of 102 patients who gave birth and were diagnosed with severe PE in the branch of the State Clinical Hospital No. 24, the Perinatal Center, were reviewed. In this cohort of pregnant women, the significance of history and physiological risk factors was assessed, and a risk rating score was proposed. In the second stage of the study, the effectiveness of our risk rating score was assessed for 3,431 pregnant women who underwent the first prenatal screening in the antenatal fetal care department of the Moscow State Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Veresaev in 2021. When compiling the score, the absolute risk and the odds ratio were calculated to identify the most significant risk factors.

Results. The integrated approach (screening and score) attributed to the high-risk group 80% of all pregnant women who subsequently had PE versus 54.6% using the screening alone and 38.7% using the risk rating score alone.

Conclusion. The rating score, as part of the stage II screening, will increase the prognostic value for PE and help identify more patients requiring prevention.