Selenium, zinc, and copper. Role in the development of follicular thyroid adenoma

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Abstract

Background: In recent years, nutrition and the role of essential microelements (EM) in the development of neoplastic processes have received increasing attention. While there is compelling evidence on the role of individual EM and complex deficiencies in EM status in the development of nodular goiter, there is insufficient data on the role of EM in the development of thyroid tumors, particularly benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FA). This was the reason for conducting this study.

Objective: Evaluation of hair levels of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) and the relationships between these elements in individuals with FTA.

Materials and methods: An observational, open-label, cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted, including 107 women diagnosed with FTA aged 20–60 years. The control group (n=46) consisted of women aged 20–60 years without severe somatic pathology or thyroid disease. All patients underwent anthropometric assessment (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood tests for thyroid hormones, thyroid ultrasound, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for hair levels of Se, Zn, and Cu.

Results: Individuals with thyroid FA were significantly more likely to have deficiencies in Se, Zn, and Cu in their hair. Se deficiency was detected in 70.1%, Zn deficiency in 65.4%, and Cu deficiency in 64.5% of women with FTA. Moreover, the levels of these EMs were lower than in the control group. The median Se level in individuals with FTA was 0.13 (0.09; 0.15) μg/g, in the control group – 0.165 (0.15; 0.28) μg/g (p=0.000), Zn – 175 (169; 180) μg/g, in the control group – 184.5 (181; 189) μg/g (p=0.000), Cu – 10.8 (9.8; 11.2) μg/g, in the control group – 11.5 (11; 11.9) μg/g (p=0.000). An imbalance of the microenvironment, expressed as a lower Se/Zn and Se/Cu ratio in the hair of individuals with FTA, was detected, as well as direct correlations between Se and Zn, and Zn and Cu in the hair of individuals with FTA.

Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that an imbalance of the microenvironment may influence the development of FTA.

About the authors

Anzhelika S. Khalimova

Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Belyaev

Author for correspondence.
Email: anguli@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3652-2954

Endocrinologist

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

L. V. Kvitkova

Kemerovo State Medical University

Email: kvitkova_lv@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5128-3344

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy and Occupational Pathology named after Professor V.V. Syrnev

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

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