Vol 21, No 3 (2025): СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЭКОНОМИКА И СОЦИОЛОГИЯ ТРУДА, И ЖИЗНИ

The paper is devoted to summarizing the results of the discussion on the most pressing issues of modern labour economics, which took place in 2024 in the journal «Standard of Living of the population of the regions of Russia». The author examines the results of the discussion in the context of the general Russian and foreign discourse. The purpose of the research is to develop and concretize the basic conceptual field of modern labour economics, taking into account the general modern discourse. The research solves the following tasks: summarizing the issues of the discussion held in the journal, taking into account the general Russian and foreign discourse; development and specification of the basic concept of modern labour economics. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the conceptualization of the problems of modern labour economics, published in the journal in 2015 in a joint article with the Doctor of Economics, Professor R.P. Kolosova. The results of the study made it possible to update the basic concept in the following areas: the relationship of global digitalization and artificial intelligence with the nature of employment as a new vector of the impact of globalization on national labour markets; the long-term impact of globalization on the Russian labour market and employment in terms of external labor migration; substantiation of the initial stage of the evolutionary transformation in our country of the contradiction between the monetary absolutization of man and his rise as an active force influencing knowledge and collective energy on the transformation of social and labour relations; development in modern employment policy along with mega-, macro-, as well as its microlevel – applied labour economics; the need to legitimize the phenomenon of precarious employment in Russian state employment policy, identify it in Russian labour and social legislation, and work purposefully to reduce its scale. It is proposed in further research to proceed from the methodological interdependence of the impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on the modern labor economy, as well as the elevation of the role of man as a carrier of modern professional knowledge and ideological and moral values.

The article analyzes the attitude towards work in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century and in the conditions of the new Russia in the 21st century. It is shown that the cult of labor formed during the years of the first five-year plans received a new impetus for development, first during the years of economic recovery, and then during the implementation of such grandiose social tasks as the development of virgin lands, the construction of new cities and enterprises in Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, which was associated with the development of the natural resources of these regions. The importance of labor was also enhanced during the implementation of the Atomic and Space Project, which also contributed to strengthening the greatness of labor. New forms and new initiatives of production workers born during the implementation of these projects are revealed. At the same time, consumer attitudes that began to mature in the consciousness and behavior of people, which first tangibly manifested themselves during the years of perestroika, are analyzed. Then it is shown how, in the conditions of the new Russia, a number of fundamental provisions on the role and importance of labor were subject to corrosion and the cult of consumption began to come to the forefront among value orientations, which gradually became the leading motive among the behavior of a significant number of workers in most sectors of the national economy and culture. Based on statistical and sociological information, the reasons for such a change in relation to labor are revealed, as well as the consequences that led to serious, including negative consequences.

In Moscow the level of housing security is one of the worst in Russia. Based on the experience of developed countries, rental housing, as well as coliving, could be a solution, especially since it fits into the increasingly developing sharing economy (SCE), which has both economic and socio-cultural prerequisites associated with a change in attitudes towards property and possession of goods. The purpose of the study was to assess the prospects (or, in other words, the potential) for the development of the housing segment of sharing economy; the task was to identify the degree of satisfaction of Muscovites with their housing conditions, their ideas about ways to solve housing problems and their attitude to such methods as renting and coliving. It was assumed that the constraints on the development of these forms are stereotypes regarding private housing and collective forms of living, and the incentives are the intensification of labor mobility, earlier separation of young people from their parents, changes in the methods of conspicuous consumption, and that the main target audience is young people. Empirical data were obtained in the course of sociological studies conducted in 2019, 2021, 2024-2025. It was found that, although many Muscovites are dissatisfied with their housing, consider its prices excessive and do not have their own funds to buy it, there is no reorientation to renting housing and coliving. The majority considers it necessary to own housing, including considering it an important condition for starting a family. Such attitudes are due, on the one hand, to stereotypes of Russians perceiving their own housing as a guarantee of stability and a reliable asset, and coliving as a «communal apartment», on the other - the lack of a civilized rental housing market, due to which renting is seen as an expensive method that does not provide comfort and reliability. At the same time, it was found that younger generations of Muscovites are more ready to solve their problems in such ways.

This article attempts to examine the integration potential of internal migrants, using the example of Dagestani youth living in St. Petersburg: despite the fact that the integration policy of states is focused on external migrants, the article nevertheless recognizes the need to consider the barriers to the integration of internal migrants into the host society. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study included theories and concepts of integration/assimilation (R.E. Park's "race relations cycle" model, J. Berry's acculturation theory, M. Gordon's assimilation theory, N. Glick Schiller, L. Bash and K. Blank-Zanton's concept of transnationalism, which made it possible to formulate the basic concept of "integration potential of migrants" and refine the integration model developed by representatives of the Dutch school H. Entzinger, R. Penninx, B. Garces-Mascareсas, modifying it for the purposes of this study (indicators were proposed to measure the integration potential of internal migrants). The purpose of this article is to consider the integration potential of internal migrants using the example of Dagestani youth living in St. Petersburg. The information sources of the study were: the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, research data of Russian scientists of a ethnic negativism exhibition, research data of Dagestanis living outside the Republic of Dagestan, data of the author's sociological study (questionnaire survey). Based on a questionnaire survey of Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg (n = 280), the integration potential of internal migrants is considered in three dimensions: political and legal, socio-economic and cultural and religious, and the interdependence of the dimensions is also shown. As a result, the success of migrants in mastering the place of settlement is recognized, despite the presence of integration barriers.

Despite the active discussion of urban agglomerations both in the scientific environment and in the sphere of state regulation, there are still no unified methodologies to develop strategies for their development. The aim of the study was to substantiate the incorrectness of using average indicators to diagnose the economic growth of urban agglomerations and to propose an alternative approach to its assessment. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: (1) to determine the level of average monthly wages of employees in urban agglomeration (excluding small businesses); (2) to calculate the distribution of the population by the level of wages on average across the entire territory of urban agglomeration without taking into account the structure of the economy of municipalities; (3) to calculate the distribution of the population by the level of wages in urban agglomeration taking into account the structure of the economy of municipalities. The paper proposed an alternative methodology based on the analysis of municipal entities that make up the agglomeration. The indicator of average monthly wages of agglomeration employees, which is singled out by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation as one of the key indicators for assessing the economic growth of agglomerations, was studied. The results confirmed that the inequality of employees in terms of wages in the studied agglomeration was higher than the analysis of the average indicator determined. The study concluded that in order to develop agglomeration master plans and development strategies, a more in-depth analysis is needed, taking into account the economic structure of each municipality included in the agglomeration, and the average indicator calculated for the agglomeration as a whole is not sufficiently accurate.

Integration processes formed and developing within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have a significant impact on the national markets of the member countries of this association, therefore, the process of evolution of the national labour markets of the EAEU member countries requires comprehensive detailed consideration and expert and analytical support, taking into account the dynamics and structure of the single labour market of the EAEU. The resource potential, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the EAEU single labour market, its dynamics and development structure determine the sustainability of national labour markets, including the Russian one. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the works of Russian and foreign researchers, containing assessments of the resource potential and dynamics of the EAEU single labour market and the Russian labour market in the relationship with the integration processes initiated within the framework of this association, as well as with the problems and possible ways to reduce destabilizing factors. The information sources of the study are statistical and expert-analytical materials of statistical services of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC). The main results of the study are the conclusions about the need to assess the effectiveness of migration processes within the EAEU for the Russian labour market, taking into account the differences in the volume of markets of EAEU member states, sectoral needs and qualification characteristics of migrating labour resources, as well as the tasks of spatial development of the Russian Federation and the factors of external influence on the development of the Russian economy under sanctions pressure. The aim of the study is to describe, based on statistical data and expert assessments, the resource potential and dynamics of development of the common labour market of the EAEU and the Russian labour market. To achieve the goal of the study, the author sets the task to structure qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the common EAEU labour market on the basis of available statistical data, assess the dynamics of its development and determine the parameters of the impact of integration processes on the sustainability of the EAEU RT as a whole and the Russian labour market.

The review is dedicated to the results of the fifth section «Development of human potential in Russia: status, prospects, solutions» of the anniversary scientific conference «Transformation of the Russian economy in new conditions. On the 95^th anniversary of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences», which was held at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences on June 23-25, 2025. The section featured reports on the status, prospects and ways to solve problems of human potential development: factors of life expectancy in the context of preserving Russia's human potential, the health care crisis and prospects for transforming health care, inequality of living standards in the modern new conditions of Russia's development, labor potential in Russia and its gender components, theoretical and methodological approaches to measuring and assessing well-being in the labor sphere are considered, and the results of a study on measuring and assessing well-being associated with work are presented using the example of the Vologda region.