Vol 20, No 3 (2025)
Architecture and urban planning. Reconstruction and refurbishment
Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva in the village of Voymozero. Construction history and architectural features
Abstract
Introduction. The object of the study is the only preserved example of a large wooden tent chapel in Nizhny Poonezhye. The architectural monument was built in the village of Voimozero in 1746 as a chapel. In 1864, the chapel was rebuilt into a church. The monument has preserved its authenticity well, which makes it valuable. The object is briefly presented in several publications, but there was no special historical and architectural research. The architectural features of the monument have not been studied in detail before, nor have they been compared with the characteristics of other temple structures of the territory along the banks in the lower reaches of the Onega River and the Russian North as a whole. This paper helps to fill in these gaps.Materials and methods. The study of the architectural monument was based on a complex approach — special scientific restoration and general scientific methods. The basis of the research is historical archival documents, bibliographic sources, materials of a field survey. A comparative analysis of the research object with its analogues in the territory of the lower Poonezhye and the Russian North was also carried out to identify architectural features, as well as common traditions.Results. New historical sources have been introduced into scientific circulation. Field surveys were conducted, a set of archival and bibliographic materials was identified. Based on these data, the construction periodization of the object of study of Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva in the village of Voimozero was determined — its original appearance and the changes that took place over time. The significance of the architectural monument in the context of the construction of temple structures in the lower Poonezhye region of the XVII – early XX centuries is revealed. A graphic reconstruction of the object at the beginning of the XX century was performed — the period of the final formation of the monument’s appearance.Conclusions. Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva is an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. The information obtained as a result of the study can be useful both for expanding knowledge about the history of Russian architecture, and for practical application — in the work on the preservation of monuments of Russian wooden architecture, increasing tourist interest in the region.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):351-360
351-360
Linear genetics of architecture
Abstract
Introduction. The concepts of linearity and nonlinearity represent a consequence of the projection of physical terms onto architecture that characterize the opposition of traditions of certainty, static, predictability, i.e. “linearity”, to the states of uncertainty, dynamism, aperiodicity, i.e. “nonlinearity”, which was perceived by architects as a signal of creative freedom, as a sign of avant-garde protest against “orthodox”, conservative architecture. The deconstructive, destructive ideology of the non-linearity apologists is revealed.Materials and methods. With the expansion of the range of the scientific apparatus of the theory of architecture and its connection with other scientific disciplines, the processes of mutual terminological exchange are intensifying, revealing aspects of morphogenesis that previously fell out of the attention of architectural theorists and practitioners. Therefore, modern concepts of philosophy, physics, biology, and sociology are involved in the methodological tools of the paper.Results. The historical precedents that had an indirect or direct impact on the course of the linear development of world architecture are investigated. The concepts and terms included in the exchange methodological fund of architecture, its inclusion in the “club” of modern scientific knowledge are introduced. The concept of the linearity of architecture as a phenomenon of the universal regularity of the existence of matter is defended. The phenomena of deviation of processes, their inertia, binary oppositions of the dialectic of morphogenesis, theoretical understanding of evolutionary stages, misconceptions and their criticism are considered.Conclusions. The thesis of linearity as a total sign of organization, completeness, expediency, representing the synthesized quality of architecture as a component of the material and spiritual progress of civilization, is argued.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):361-370
361-370
Construction system design and layout planning. Construction mechanics. Bases and foundations, underground structures
Application of cement hydration heat inhibitors to control thermal cracking in massive concrete structures
Abstract
Introduction. The problem of temperature cracking due to cement hydration in massive concrete structures attracts the attention of many domestic and foreign scientists. At present, there are many measures to prevent the formation of temperature cracks during concrete hardening. It is possible to divide them into two main classes. The first one is technological measures in the process of construction. The second direction is related to the optimization of concrete composition, including the use of various additives. One type of such additives are cement heat release inhibitors. Their use makes it possible to reduce heat release from cement hydration at the early stage of concrete hardening. This greatly reduces the risk of thermal cracking. The method is quite new and has not been fully investigated to date.Materials and methods. In this work, the influence of cement hydration heat inhibitor addition on the probability of thermal cracks formation during the concreting of massive concrete structures was evaluated using the finite element method. Calculations of the temperature regime and thermal stress state of the concrete mass after its erection were carried out. Two variants of concrete mixture composition were considered: the usual composition — without the use of inhibitor and the composition with the addition of heat of hydration inhibitor. Numerical studies were carried out on the basis of the finite element method using the Midas civil 2019 software package.Results. As a result of numerical solutions for two variants of concrete compositions, the distribution of temperature and temperature stresses in the erected concrete mass was obtained. The risk assessment of temperature cracking is given.Conclusions. Heat of hydration reduction inhibitors are effective in reducing the hydration temperature in massive concrete structures. The addition of 1 % TRI of cement weight in massive concrete structures significantly reduces the risk of thermal cracking.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):371-380
371-380
Application of machine learning methods to predict aerodynamic pressure coefficients on rectangular buildings and structures
Abstract
Introduction. Wind effects are one of the key factors in the design of buildings and structures. Normative calculations, physical and numerical modelling, as well as in-situ measurements have a number of limitations in application. The use of machine learning (ML) technologies opens up new opportunities for rapid and accurate prediction of wind loads. The application of ML models to assess the distribution of aerodynamic pressure coefficients on rectangular buildings is considered, which allows not only to calculate integral characteristics (forces, moments), but also to analyze in detail the distribution of loads on facades.Materials and methods. For model training, the Tokyo Polytechnic University database was used, which presents the results of wind tunnel tests on building models of various heights and widths. Data augmentation was performed, which increased the original example size and increased the ability of ML models to generalize various geometric configurations. During feature processing, different angles of wind attack were taken into account, and the correlation of features was analyzed in order to eliminate multicollinearity. Linear regression, decision tree and gradient boosting (CatBoost) were the main prediction methods.Results. The calculations showed that the best balance between the accuracy of predictions and maintaining physical interpretability was provided by gradient boosting over the decision tree (CatBoost), reducing the average weighted error to 16–18 %. In addition, a comparison was made with the results of aerodynamic tests, which confirmed the adequacy of the proposed approach.Conclusions. The application of machine learning methods, in particular gradient boosting, makes it possible to reliably predict aerodynamic pressure coefficients on various dimensional shapes of buildings at a wide range of wind attack angles. The obtained results demonstrate the promising use of ML models to accelerate and reduce the cost of wind impact assessment stages.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):381-393
381-393
Construction material engineering
Experimental study of the strength and endurance of glued timber on shearing, compression and bending
Abstract
Introduction. Nowadays wood is regaining its position as a material for bridges. During the first decades of the 21st century, the share of wooden bridge construction in Russia increased from 10 to 40 %. The cost of a bridge span made of glued laminated timber is 30–50 % lower than the cost of a bridge span made of precast prestressed reinforced concrete structures. Consequently, an urgent task of modern bridge construction is to expand the scope of application of glued lam-inated timber for complex and extended structures. This requires updating existing and de-veloping new regulatory documents, which, in turn, is impossible without experimental stud-ies of the actual operation of elements of building structures made of glued laminated timber.Materials and methods. The endurance limit of glued timber specimens during shearing along the fibres and com-pression across the fibres, the endurance limit of glued timber beams during bending, and control of the residual strength of specimens that did not fail after cyclic testing were studied.Results. Statistical processing of experimental results allowed us to identify the features of defor-mation and destruction of glued timber: the endurance limit for cyclic bending is up to 10 times higher than the endurance limit for cyclic shearing and compression, which once again emphasizes the high level of anisotropy of the material. This is significantly more than for other building materials.Conclusions. Static tests showed practically uniform linear operation of glued specimens during compres-sion tests across the fibres. Analysis of destruction allowed us to draw a conclusion about the reliability of adhesive joints. It was found that with an increase in humidity by 1 %, the strength decreases by 0.4 %. Consequently, for bridge structures, the issues of moisture re-sistance of glued timber remain relevant. The results of the studies were used in the develop-ment of national standards projects.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):394-408
394-408
Study of the activity of thermal power plant waste from the point of application in mineral binders
Abstract
Introduction. For the efficient use of waste in mineral binders and obtaining the specified characteristics of the final materials based on them, it is necessary to take into account one of the most important characteristics of the raw material component — activity. The analysis of the activity of fly ash of different composition using various physicochemical methods, allowing to determine the possibility of their use in cement-based binder systems, was carried out. Obtaining mineral binders using waste from various industries requires special attention due to the specifics of their production, storage and change in properties under the influence of external factors. A comprehensive approach in determining the activity of such materials will allow us to establish the nature and mechanisms of interaction of fly ash with binder components.Materials and methods. TThe paper analyzes the activity of thermal power plant waste in the form of fly ash of various compositions: basic fly ash of the Nazarovskaya TPP; acid fly ash of the Reftinskaya SDPP. The following set of methods was used to analyze the activity: accelerated CaO content (GOST 25818–2017); Frattini test (EN 196-5:2011); Chapelle method (NF P18-513); assessment of the heat of hydration by differential calorimetry (proprietary technique).Results. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the activity of the waste from the thermal power plant, it was established that both of them are active. In turn, the main fly ash from the Nazarovskaya TPP has both binding properties and, to a much lesser extent, pozzolanic activity, while the acidic fly ash from the Reftinskaya SDPP has only pozzolanic activity.Conclusions. Due to its activity, fly ash can be used as auxiliary components in cement compositions, as well as to replace part of the cement with a rationally selected amount of components. To establish the nature of the interaction, as well as the speed and intensity of reactions in the process of structure formation of the cement matrix in the presence of fly ash, a comprehensive approach using physicochemical methods is necessary.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):409-418
409-418
Technology and organization of construction. Economics and management in construction
Optimization of production under conditions of production of a wide range of products
Abstract
Introduction. The development of industrial housing construction is characterized by the growth of houses with individual architectural and structural-planning solutions. This is a consequence the growth of the product range, increase in the share of individual products with low circulation parameters and a wide range of fluctuations in labour intensity. Lack of proper attention to a large variation of product parameters is a consequence of non-rhythmic production, downtime and inefficient use labour resources. In such conditions it is important to ensure completeness of products production and compliance with delivery schedules products to the construction site. The solution of these tasks is realized by managing stocks of finished products or creating rhythmic and continuous production.Materials and methods. In accordance with the research objectives, the methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics, simulation modelling and expert evaluations were applied. To assess the complexity of products, a system of criteria was established, taking into account the design solutions and geometric parameters of products. Based on the established criteria, the products are classified into categories, for which the complexity indicators and labour intensity indicators are determined. This classification products formed the basis of the production optimization algorithm.Results. The analysis of the nomenclature of products of the production programmes of the enterprises has fixed the fluctuations of labour intensity indicators of production in the range of 2.0–17.0 man-hours. The attempt to establish the dependence of labour intensity indicators on the product volume showed the absence of functional dependence. On the basis of the analysis of labour intensity distribution the hypothesis about the influence on the labour intensity indicators, first of all, the design features of products were substantiated.Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained data, a system of planning the layout of products in moulds and assigning the rhythm of production taking into account the design solutions of products according to the indicators of complexity, which can be established by the method of expert evaluations, is proposed. For practical implementation of the proposed evaluation system, an algorithm of optimal technological parameters assignment is developed, which provides simultaneously equilibrium labour intensity and optimal product layout in moulds, and thus rhythmicity of production.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):419-428
419-428
Scenarios of the operational stage of the road life cycle under the current regulatory environment
Abstract
Introduction. One of the defining concepts of the road sector is the concept of 12/24 adopted by the Russian Government Decree of May 30, 2017 Nо. 658, and regulating the normative service life before repair of a highway is12 years and before major repair 24 years. At the same time, within the 12-year service life, it is possible to perform works on restoration of wear layers/protective layers, the frequency of which is established by separate normative acts and depends on the traffic intensity and operational condition. Forecasting of changes in the main operational indicators of the highway taking into account the influence of control actions in the form of maintenance, repair and overhaul will make it possible to analyze various options of strategies to ensure their preservation.Materials and methods. Phenomenological models of deterioration of longitudinal and transverse flatness of the road surface, as well as the total modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of strength on its surface are used to predict changes in the main operational indicators of highways.Results. Modified the dependence for predicting the change in the total modulus of elasticity on the pavement surface during its service life, which is a decreasing function of the total modulus of elasticity from the total number of design load applications and, respectively, the service time. The dependencies for predicting the change in actual longitudinal flatness and rutting were modified by introducing an additional multiplier characterizing the total loss of strength for the predicted year. Taking into account the modified dependencies the scenarios of the operational stage of the life cycle for the model construction of road pavement of the highway and the real highway operated in the Rostov region were built.Conclusions. Modified dependencies allowing to describe the processes of deterioration of longitudinal flatness of the pavement and rutting taking into account the reduction of the total modulus of elasticity on the surface of the pavement were obtained. Various design scenarios of the operational stage of the life cycle of a highway for a test and real example were cons-tructed. The directions of improvement of methods for analyzing the life cycle of highways are proposed.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):429-439
429-439
Artificial intelligence and automation of design processes in construction: a bibliometric analysis
Abstract
Introduction. The development of artificial intelligence technologies in the construction sector is uneven; however, but the potential of AI/ML technologies in this field is enormous. The aim of the research is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on the development of artificial intelligence and automation technologies in construction design. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of AI research trends and dynamics in construction based on an extensive specimen of scientific publications. The practical significance consists in identifying promising areas for the application of AI/ML technologies for the development of innovations and optimization of processes in the construction industry.Materials and methods. 16,819 scientific papers published between 1955 and 2023, indexed on the OpenAlex platform, were analyzed. The specimen was selected based on search queries related to artificial intelligence in construction in general, as well as in specific areas: BIM modelling, generative design, and digital twins. Methods of bibliometric analysis and statistical analysis were used, and research clustering was performed using VOSviewer 1.6.20.Results. Research on the application of artificial intelligence capabilities in construction received an active impetus for development after 2020. The areas of “digital twins” and BIM technologies are just beginning to be considered from the perspective of AI/ML technology capabilities, while generative design is developing faster due to an earlier start of research. Key countries, universities, and thematic clusters in each direction were identified.Conclusions. The research results show promising areas for the application of AI/ML technologies in the construction field. Further research on “digital twins”, BIM modelling, and generative design can contribute to the development of innovations and the improvement of design, construction, and facility management processes.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):440-455
440-455
Short Messages. Discussions and Reviews. Information
History of the Moscow practical construction institute
Abstract
Introduction. The history of each university has its own uniqueness and is connected with historical events that took place in the country in this or that period. NRU MGSU has more than 100-year history of its existence, but the exact date of its transformation into a university was unknown. The historical conditions related to the reforming of the system of vocational education in the conditions of revolutionary changes caused by the Great Russian Revolution of 1917–1922 are considered.Materials and methods. On the basis of literature and archival materials, published for the first time, from the fonds of the National Research University of Moscow State University, the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of the Moscow Region the reorganization of the 1st Moscow Construction Technical School into the Moscow Practical Construction Institute is investigated. The research is based on comparative-historical, historical-genetic, historical-systemic and retrospective methods, which allowed to identify and analyze important documents.Results. The facts testifying to the great attention of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR leadership to the work of the 1st Construction Technical School in Moscow were revealed: the payment of teachers’ labour at the level of higher education institutions, the organization of supplying the technical school as a “strike” with all necessary resources, the creation of departments corresponding to the university structure, the change of the technical school status to a new type of university-practical institute.Conclusions. The formation of the Moscow Practical Construction Institute was initiated at the level of General Directorate of Vocational Education of the People’s Commissariat of Education in connection with the importance for the young Soviet republic of solving the problems of training professional staff of civil engineers for the planned transformations in the country on the basis of the State Plan for Electrification of Russia. Documents showing the stages and date of formation of the new university on December 8, 1920, open possibilities for further research of its development in 1921.
Vestnik MGSU. 2025;20(3):456-463
456-463