Formation of Coatings Based on Boron and Aluminum on the Surface of Carbon Steels by Electron Beam Alloying

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Introduction. Boronizing and boroaluminizing are effective methods used to improve the surface properties of machine parts and tools. However, its application in industrial production is often restricted. High brittleness of boronized and boroaluminized layers is one of the restraining factors. Conventional methods of boronizing and boroaluminizing with furnace heating are aimed at the formation of needle and layered structured layers respectively. As a rule, the hardest and most brittle phases are formed on top of these layers, such as FeB and Fe2Al5. The purpose of the work: to study the phase formation sequence in boronized and boroaluminized layers obtained after electron beam treatment in vacuum on the surface of carbon steels. The methods of investigation. Alloying with either boron carbide (electron beam boronizing) or boron carbide and aluminum (electron beam boroaluminizing) is applied. Different modes of electron beam processing are tested: accelerating voltage, beam current and irradiation time. Microstructure, microhardness, element and phase composition of obtained layers are investigated. Results and Discussion. It is established that the phase formation at electron beam alloying with boron carbide occurs according to diagram Fe-B, where iron monoboride FeB is the nucleate phase. FeB iron monoboride crystallizes in the form of rhombic and prismatic crystals and Fe2B appears in the form of rounded dendrites. Thus, FeB crystals come out as being enclosed into Fe2B shells. The remaining liquid crystallizes as a eutectic system during cooling. This pattern formation of layer is also valid for the electron beam boroaluminizing. The only difference is the eutectic’;s composition, which consists of Fe2B phase and solid solutions of aluminum and boron in α-Fe. Generally, the microstructure of obtained layer after electron beam treatment is more preferable than the ones after conventional treatment with furnace heating. The layer structure with hard and brittle FeB surrounded by Fe2B and eutectic lead to an increase in its mechanical properties.

About the authors

U. L. Mishigdorzhiyn

Email: druh@mail.ru
Ph.D. (Engineering), East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, druh@mail.ru

I. G. Sizov

Email: sigperlit@mail.ru
D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, sigperlit@mail.ru

I. P. Polyansky

Email: i.polyansky@mail.ru
East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, i.polyansky@mail.ru

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