Том 25, № 2 (2025)
- Жылы: 2025
- Мақалалар: 17
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/1819-4907/issue/view/24500
Бүкіл шығарылым
On the 90th anniversary of the opening of the history faculty of SSU
The third University History Faculty of the country
Аннотация
The editorial board of the journal in this article refers to an important event in the history of Saratov University – the 90th anniversary of the opening of the Faculty of History, which became the third Faculty of History in the RSFSR. The circumstances of the establishment of the faculty, the beginning and main stages of its activity are considered. The contribution to the training of specialists with higher historical education, the most important scientific achievements and the role of leading scientists are shown.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):146-153
146-153
Russian History
The State and the legalist press: 40 years under pressure (1864–1904)
Аннотация
In the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, the legalist (juridical) press played a prominent role in the Russian liberation movement. Its leading publications professed the principles of legality and law and order. In fact, the term “Order” itself appeared thanks to the newspaper of the same name, and supporters of legalism were called “people of legal order”. Despite the objectively statist nature of the legalist press, the conservative part of the bureaucracy could not accept these moderately progressive ideas and in the 1880s went on the offensive against legalist publications. Part of the legal press was closed, the other survived under heavy daily censorship pressure.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):154-161
154-161
Ivan Fedorovich Leontiev – voivode and royal hunter at the court of Mikhail Romanov
Аннотация
The article presents for the first time the biography of Ivan Fedorovich Leontiev, who was the father of one of the governors of Saratov. Brief information about his ancestors is provided. I. F. Leontiev began his service back in the Time of Troubles, as a representative of the Kashirsky “military city”, fought as part of the army of Prince M. V. Skopin-Shuisky. At the court of Tsar Mikhail Romanov, I. F. Leontiev served as a solicitor, a steward and a royal hunter. At the beginning of the Smolensk War, he was a voivode in Yelets. Special attention is paid to the last period of his life, when, as a royal hunter (1635–1647), he organized bear fights. A description of his land holdings is given, among which the village of Lukino, currently the famous Peredelkino.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):162-172
162-172
Tram accidents in the Soviet urban everyday life of the 1920s
Аннотация
The article shows the scale of the problem of tram accidents in early Soviet cities, identifies its causes, proposed and implemented measures to eliminate them, and assesses their effectiveness. The main factors of the disasters were disregard for safety rules, mistakes of the tram drivers, a small number of tram cars and their poor quality. Despite a number of measures taken, the issue of creating a safe urban transport system could not be resolved in the unstable economic and social conditions of the 1920s.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):173-180
173-180
World History
Q. Metellus Scipio. Touches to the biography of the most noble of the Pompeians
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the activities of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, one of the most noble Romans of the late Republic, who played a significant role in the events of the civil war of 49–45 B. C. The aspect of biography connected with testamentary adoption, the legal force of which is disputed in historiography, is analysed separately. Further the political career of Metellus Scipio is considered, in particular, the positions held and rapprochement with Gn. Pompey Magnus. In the civil war Metellus Scipio took the place of the leader of the Pompeian coalition after Pompey’s death.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):181-190
181-190
The image of Tigran II the Great in Movses Khorenatsi’s “History of Armenia”
Аннотация
The article examines the image of the king of Great Armenia Tigran II the Great in the work of the “Father of Armenian historiography” Movses Khorenatsi “History of Armenia”. When writing the chapters dedicated to Tigran II, Movses relied primarily on the writings of Josephus, as well as two “Chronicles” – Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea. At the same time, he filled in the lack of information with the help of legendary material and fictitious details. In general, the image of Tigran intertwines the features of several figures – Tigran himself, Artashes I, as well as his sons – Tigran and Artavazd. In turn, many of the deeds of Tigranes II are attributed to Tigranes I Ervandid, who lived in the 6th century BC. It is him, and not Tigran II, that Movses considers the greatest of the Armenian kings. As for Tigranes II, he acts as the main opponent of the Romans in those cases when it comes to Roman-Parthian military clashes, and Parthia is not mentioned at all. On the basis of analysing several chapters of the “History of Armenia”, observations are made that some stories described by the historian significantly distort real events, but at the same time Movses Khorenatsi acquaints researchers with the views prevailing among the educated Armenian population at the turn of Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):191-196
191-196
Information from Western European sources about the Nestorians of the Genghisid states in the second half of the XIII – early XIV centuries
Аннотация
The article presents and analyzes information from letters of missionaries of the Franciscan Order Guillaume de Rubruk, Giovanni Montecorvino and Monk Johanka, as well as notes and treatises of a missionary from the Dominican Order Ricoldo da Montecroce, about Nestorians in the Genghisid states. The author comes to the conclusion about the value of the works of these authors as sources on the history of Nestorianism, which contain data on the doctrine and religious practice of the followers of East Syrian Christianity and their relations with Catholic missionaries.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):197-207
197-207
The aliens in the economy and society of London in the 14th century: Interaction and conflicts
Аннотация
The article examines the place of aliens in the economy and society of 14th-century London. Based on a wide range of sources and research literature, the author identifies the main groups of foreign trading partners of the English capital and the attitude of municipal society towards them, traces the history of the City’s struggle to maintain its privileges in relations with aliens in the 14th century, and characterizes the changes in the economic situation against the backdrop of the developing confrontation. Examples of the integration of aliens into 14th-century London society are given, highlighting a number of niches they were mastering, including the area of illegal activities. A conclusion is made about the importance ofthemerchant strangers’ presence in Londonforthe development of England’sforeign economic relations andthe accompanying change in society’s attitude towards foreignmerchants, which becamemore negative, with calls for stimulating the development of national trade.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):208-217
208-217
International Relations
Main foreign policy characteristics of European dwarf states in the 20th century
Аннотация
This article explores the key features of the foreign policy of four European dwarf states that managed to retain their status as independent political and territorial entities by the start of the 20th century: the Principality of Andorra, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Principality of Monaco, and the Most Serene Republic of San Marino. The study highlights how, due to their similarities in size and historical circumstances, these states’ foreign policies not only share common traits, but have also evolved in similar ways over time. The article concludes that while there are some parallels between the foreign policies of these dwarf states and other small countries, their strategies, concepts, and instruments are distinct and tailored to their specific contexts.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):218-227
218-227
Eurasian economic integration: Stages of evolution
Аннотация
The article examines the evolution of Eurasian integration. The author proposes a five-stage periodization of Eurasian integration. It emphasizes the complexity of the interaction between geopolitical and economic interests that have shaped the course of Eurasian integration over the past three decades, as well as the significance of the EAEU as a platform for further integration within Eurasia and the creation of the idea of the Greater Eurasian Partnership (BEP) as a new concept aimed at forming a broad integration framework.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):228-236
228-236
UN and U.S. sanctions policies toward North Korea: Comparative analysis (2006–2020)
Аннотация
The article examines the consistent evolution of the UN and US sanctions policy towards North Korea. Key aspects of their approaches are highlighted. They are analyzed and compared, similarities and differences in approaches, goals and methods are identified. The results of these policies are examined, and a conclusion is made about the achievement of the stated goals.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):237-242
237-242
Main theoretical approaches to the problems of modern regionalization and its dynamics in the context of a conflictual international environment
Аннотация
The article presents the process of evolution of theoretical approaches to explaining modern integration trends in various regions of the world. The author tried to reveal the logic of the evolution of various theoretical schools and approaches in relation to the changing realities of the international environment. The author manages to present an original view on the problems of the theory of regionalization, to present individual aspects of its modern transformation. Of particular interest is an attempt to comprehend the processes of regional integration in the context of modern international relations, when a serious conflict potential is formed in various regions of the world. The article offers the author’s original view on how these trends will affect the evolution of theoretical approaches to integration processes in a modern scholarly discourse.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):243-249
243-249
The Ukrainian crisis and modern international law
Аннотация
The article presentsthe historical and legal aspects ofthe Ukrainian crisis inthe context ofthe development ofmodern international law. The events in Ukraine in 2014–2024 actualized many institutions of modern international law: the hierarchy of principles of territorial integrity of states and the right of peoples to self-determination, the problem of secession and the role of referendums in the creation of new independent states, the issue of their recognition in the international arena and the protection of compatriots abroad. The weak codification of the norms of law, their different interpretations and the lack of ready-made solutions to the challenges of our time indicate that modern international law represents a kind of balance, the balance of power in international relations, which can change depending on various factors. The author’s analysis shows that the new realities of the modern world are making adjustments in the interpretation of the issues of secession, the role and recognition of referendums for independence. The concept of “Separation in the name of salvation” is one of the modern manifestations of the relationship between the principle of universal respect for human rights and the principle of the right of peoples to self-determination.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):250-256
250-256
Regional History and Local Studies
“The merciless Cholera Riot of the mob”: Causes and nature of mass popular riots in the Saratov Province in the 19th century
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the problems of social unrest caused by cholera epidemics in Russia in the 19th century. The subject of the author’s research is regional problems, namely the events that took place in the Saratov province, which still remain poorly studied in historiography. Based on the analysis of documentary materials stored in the State Archives of the Saratov Region, the causes and consequences of the “cholera riots” in the Saratov province are revealed. Social unrests, which had obvious features of a pogrom, showed a high level of mistrust in the anti-cholera measures taken by the authorities.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):257-263
257-263
Participation of the German population of Saratov Province in the charitable activities of the local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society (1870s – early XX century)
Аннотация
The article deals with the problem of previously unexplored charitable activities of the Volga Germans within the framework of the functioning of the Saratov branch of the Russian Red Cross Society. Particular attention is paid to the characterisation of the charity of the local German population of the county towns and villages. It is stated that the types and forms of German charitable activity did not differ from those inherent in the rest of the population of the province. The greatest response, however, in the German environment of the Saratov Volga region were the issues of assistance to the starving and victims of various natural disasters and tragedies, as well as to the soldiers of the Russian Empire.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):264-272
264-272
Training of military personnel for the Red Army in Volsk during the Civil War (1918–1922)
Аннотация
The article examines the history of military educational institutions evacuated to the city of Volsk during the Civil War. The role of the Volsky machine gun courses and the Kronstadt diving school in the training of commanders for the Red Army and the Red Army is explored. The contribution of Volsky cadets in the defeat of Popov’s detachments in the Saratov Volga region and their participation in the struggle for the establishment of Soviet power in Transcaucasia and Central Asia is studied.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):273-278
273-278
The activities of the Saratov Provincial Commission of the State Agricultural Committee on combating bribery in the 1920s
Аннотация
The article examines the activities of the anti-bribery commission under the Saratov Provincial Council of National Economy. The methods of the commission’s work and strategies for combating corruption in Soviet economic bodies in the early 1920s are analyzed. The author studies the results of the commission’s activities as one of the first purges in Soviet bodies after the approval of the NEP.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(2):279-283
279-283