Volume 23, Nº 4 (2023)
Articles
Handicraft cooperation of the European North, the Urals, the Volga region by the beginning of the 20th century
Resumo
The article discussesthemain areas of work ofthe handicraft cooperation ofthe European North, the Urals and the Volga region. First of all, the activity of trade artels, which was associated withthe processing of agricultural products,the production of agriculturaltools, wood processing, is investigated, the interaction of handicraft artels with agricultural and credit cooperatives is studied.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):424-431
424-431
The policy of the Russian government towards the Armenians in the late 19th-early 20th centuries
Resumo
The article deals with the problems of relations between the Russian government and the Armenian Apostolic Church at the end of the XIX-beginning of the XX centuries. The adoption of the law of June 12, 1903 by Prince G. S. Golitsyn on the seizure of church property of the AAC. The negative consequences of this law on the affairs of the Armenian church in the city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, followed by problems in parochial schools are traced.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):432-437
432-437
The cultural space of the Cold War: The image of the enemy in Soviet and American journalism
Resumo
The subject field of the article is the historical-imagological spectrum and comparative perspective. The main actors that influenced the dynamics of the representation of the enemy/other image in the political discourse of the Cold War are investigated. The main type of sources were journalistic materials presented by Soviet and American literature of various levels, from newspaper publications to voluminous popular science publications. Conclusions are drawn about the ambivalence of cultural space, the coexistence of both stable imagological landmarks and constructs, and their adjustments, counter “drifts” of dehumanization or rehumanization emanating from the opposing sides and caused by the stages of the Cold War.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):438-446
438-446
V. Ya. Bogucharsky’s activity on the creation of the L. N. Tolstoy Museum in St. Petersburg
Resumo
The article examines the participation of the pre-revolutionary historian, publicist and public figure V. Ya. Bogucharsky in the creation of the Leo Tolstoy Museum in St. Petersburg. This event was timed to coincide with the eightieth anniversary of the great Russian writer.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):447-450
447-450
Establishment of people’s control in Soviet Russia: Social and political practice
Resumo
The article examines the activities of the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) authorities in the search for the optimal model of organization of control in the Soviet-type society in the early 1920s. The methods and techniques directly or indirectly related to the involvement of workers in the work of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate and the construction of the whole system of functioning of this control agency are analyzed on the material of archival sources. It is also shown how this practice was coordinated with the course of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Soviet government on the involvement of citizens in the management of the state in the conditions of growing inner-party contradictions.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):451-458
451-458
Medieval London during the plague (1348–1351): Some aspects of social life
Resumo
The article examines certain aspects of the social life of the City during the period of the plague (1348–1351) based on the documentation of the London Magistrate. It is shown that the Black Death dealt the most severe blow to the capital’s guilds, depriving them of workers and temporarily disorganizing production, which affected both the quality of manufactured products and relations inside trade and craft corporations, contributing to their further decline. Being unable to cope with the growth of social activity of journeymen, apprentices and servants, the masters were forced to appeal to the authority of the City administration, demanding from it the confirmation of previously established restrictive measures. Another important aspect of everyday life in London was overcoming such consequences of the crisis as the growth of crime and the restoration of shaken public mores, which were also fought through attempts at greater regulation and prohibitions. However, these measures did not bring tangible results.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):459-468
459-468
The development of Czech cities in the post-Hussite period as a prerequisite for the emergence of Czech printing
Resumo
The article attempts to identify the economic prerequisites for the emergence of printing in the Czech Republic. The author analyzes the economic development of Czech cities in the post-Hussite period, analyzes the main privileges that cities were given or confirmed by their owners, as well as the development of crafts and trade in them.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):469-472
469-472
“Annales Regni Henrici Septimi” (1504–1505, 1507–1508) by Bernard André: History, Propaganda or Myth-creation?
Resumo
The article analyzes the so-called “Annales Regni Henrici Septimi” (records of the twentieth and twenty-third years of the reign of the founder of the Tudor dynasty), written by the court poet and royal historiographer Bernard André. Created after the completion of “De Vita atque Gestis Henrici Septimi Historia”, it may have been intended by the author as a draft for a future similar historical work and contain many important details, although due to circumstances it never took the form of a completed work.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):473-479
473-479
Charles James Fox and the debate in the British Parliament concerning the early period of the French Revolution)
Resumo
The article deals with the position of the famous British politician, Whig party leader Charles James Fox on the beginning of the French Revolution. The author analyzes the reasons for the split in the ranks of the Whig parliamentary faction following the discussion of the events unfolding in France.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):480-485
480-485
“New Eastern Policy” of Willy Brandt and Bundeswehr in 1969–1974
Resumo
The article based on archival and published materials analyses the attitude of the members of the higher and lower structures of the Bundeswehr to the “new eastern policy” of Chancellor Willy Brandt and the influence of the latter on the development of the armed forces of West Germany in 1969–1974. It is demonstrated that privates and junior officers supported the foreign policy course of W. Brandt on detente in relations with the socialist bloc. At the same time it is shown that the high command of the Bundeswehr emphasized loyalty to the North Atlantic Alliance in their documents and used the principles of the “new eastern policy” to strengthen the positions of the Federal Republic of Germany in NATO.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):486-491
486-491
The “Shiite issue” in Iraqi-Iranian relations under Saddam Hussein
Resumo
The article analyzes the views of Saddam Hussein, based on his statements regarding the “Shiite question”, which was originally based on the ideological heritage of the Ba’th, set out in the Constitution of 1951. However, under the influence of the processes that took place in Iraq throughout the 1970s, in particular the Kurdish national movement and the “Islamic awakening” of Shiites under the influence of the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Saddam Hussein was forced to adjust the ideas of the Ba’th to new realities. As a result, Saddam was forced to recognize the multinational nature of Iraqi society and the rights of Shiites to worship, abandoning the Ba’th atheistic principles. The evolution of viewsthattook place, asthe war with Iran showed, contributedtothe consolidation of Iraqi society around the Ba’th program and the personality of Saddam Hussein.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):492-496
492-496
The influence of internal processes on the formation of Moldova’s foreign policy in the first years of independence
Resumo
The article examines the main internal political processes in Moldova at the time of the collapse of the USSR and the republic’s independence. The author highlights the features of the formation of the Moldovan statehood and their influence on the formation of the foreign policy course of the young state. The researcher analyzes the process of Moldova’s inclusion in the system of international relations and joining the main international institutions.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):497-504
497-504
The main directions of NATO interaction with the states of Central Asia in the XXI century
Resumo
The article examines NATO’s interaction with Central Asian states in bilateral and multilateral formats over the past 20 years. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the Afghan factor in the relations of the parties. The author concludes that for several decades NATO has purposely tried to strengthen its geopolitical position in Central Asia in order to reduce Russia’s influence on regional security processes.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):505-512
505-512
Golden Steward Vasily Grigorievich Fefilatiev
Resumo
From the XV century in the Russian state, an award for certain military merits is known in the form of rewarding those who distinguished themselves, or those who participated in a particular military campaign, with gilded silver or gold coins. The Moscow Kremlin Museums keep a gold award with an owner’s inscription stating that it was granted in 1639/40 to the stolnik Vasily Grigorievich Fefilatiev. This is the oldest personalized Russian award to date. It was possible to establish that the gold was awarded for the Saratov service in 1636. Archival sources made it possible to trace the history of this relic from the middle of the 17th century to the present day, as well as to add new information to the history of the Fefilatiev family.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):513-518
513-518
XIX century studies on the settlement of the Saratov Volga region
Resumo
Since the middle of the 19th century, Russian historians paid great attention to the settlement of the Russian peasantry. Saratov local history experts took the study of this process in the Lower Volga region as one of their main tasks in the last decades of the 19th century. Modern historiography has not noted the importance of their works on the problem of colonization. The content of the papers by the SSAC members and the unpublished monograph by A. N. Minh shows that local historians successfully dealt with the problem, the development of which was carried out in the works of university historians.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):519-527
519-527
Forms of charitable activities of the Saratov Zemstvo: Social protection of childhood (1870–1910s)
Resumo
The article presents a case study of one of the important and least researched areas of self-government bodies’ social policy – charitable activities of the Zemstvo in Saratov province. The main attention is paid to the forms of childhood protection and the process of building up a system of Zemstvo’s assistance to orphans and children left without parental care. The paper places a significant focus on the history of creation of the Zemstvo’s orphanage and other institutions of social care for foundlings.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):528-537
528-537
I. F. Pavlyukov (Agapov) – the forgotten leader of Tsaritsyn’s Bolsheviks in the October Revolution of 1917
Resumo
The article is devoted to the study of the life path and revolutionary activity of Ivan Fedorovich Pavlyukov (Agapov), the undeservedly forgotten leader of the Tsaritsyn Bolsheviks. He came to the leadership of the Bolshevik faction in the local organization of the RSDLP in JulyAugust 1917 during the imprisonment of S. K. Minin and Ya. Z. Erman. It was he who led the creation and arming of the Red Guard detachments, and then the establishment of Soviet power in Tsaritsyn. The leadership of the RCP(B) accused him of indecision. S. K. Minin tried to consign his role in the October events to oblivion. This work was completed by I. V. Stalin’s chekists, who accused I. F. Pavlyukov of Trotskyism. He was subjected to repression and, apparently, disappeared in Stalin’s dungeons. Ispart’s materials contain his memories of the October days in Tsaritsyn, which we publish in the appendix to the article.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):538-547
538-547
Population of DDagestan in 1930–1945: Historical and demographic aspect
Resumo
The article examines demographic processes in Dagestan during one of the dramatic periods in the history of the country. On the basis of the All-Union Population censuses of 1937, 1939, and special literature, the number, sex and age composition, ethnic structure, and demography of the family are characterized. Of particular relevance is the study of the demographic development of such a peculiar region as Dagestan, with its motley ethnic picture. The conclusion is formulated that during the studied period there were fundamental changes in the demographic composition of Dagestanis: natural growth and mechanical growth, the ratio of urban and rural population.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):548-553
548-553
Physical education and sports in the schools of the Stalingrad (Volgograd) region in 1953–1964
Resumo
The article analyzes the state and development of teaching physical culture and sports in primary and secondary schools in Stalingrad (Volgograd) and in the during the “Khrushchev thaw”. On the basis of archival sources, the activities of the leadership of public education and physical education to improve the material and technical base, the qualifications of teachers and the level of teaching, and the organization of sports competitions are covered. Achievements and problems that remained unresolved by the end of the era of N. S. Khrushchev are shown.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(4):554-560
554-560