Том 23, № 2 (2023)
Articles
The court service of Baim Boltin
Аннотация
The article for the first time examines in detail the court service of the statesman of the first half of the XVII century, Baim Fedorovich Boltin. At the beginning of his career, he was an Arzamas nobleman. In 1624 he entered the court service, then served for several years as a clerk of the Novgorod’s quarter. He took an active part in court events, embassy meetings. In the last years of Mikhail Romanov’s life, he was a marshal’s assistant and the first judge of the Ministry of Cavalry.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):144-152
144-152
“The appearance of such works is necessaryfor the benefit of the Russian mission in the East”: Problem statement of the accumulation and systematization of “knowledge about the Orient” in the publication projects of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1909–1
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the reflection of the officials of the Russian Foreign Ministry on the problem of accumulating “knowledge about the Orient”, bringing them into the system and implementing into political practice. The key source for the analysis was the two issues of the “Materials on the Study of the East” published on the eve and at the beginning of the Great War, the authors and editors of which sought to raise this problem and propose ways to solve it. The question is raised about the role of expert knowledge in determining the strategy of St. Petersburg in the Near and Middle Eastern policy.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):153-158
153-158
Sergey Witte and his Foreign Investment Policy in the studies by English-speaking scholars
Аннотация
. The article discusses the development of the interest of English-speaking historians in the foreign investment policy of Sergey Witte. The paper also examines the role of the Secret Memorandum of Sergey Wittein the understanding of the foreign investment in the Russian economy. The author shows that Russian and English-speaking historians, despite the political upheavals of the 20th century, were engaged in a scholarly conversation in their discussion of the subject.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):159-166
159-166
Anti-Semitic rhetoric of Hieromonk Iliodor (Trufanov) as a reflection of the crisis of the Russian Orthodox Church at the beginning of the XX century
Аннотация
The article analyzes the anti-Semitic rhetoric of hieromonk Iliodor (Trufanov) as one of the most scandalous Clerical figures of the Russian Empire in the early XX century. The process of politicization of the Russian Orthodox Church for legitimizing power and serving the national ideology in the context of the Synodal crisis is reviewed. Many clergymen were the spiritual leaders of legal monarchical organizations and thus supported their national policies. The Jewish issue became a marker of the crisis of the Church. The views of hieromonk Heliodorus are the clear confirmation of this.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):167-172
167-172
The research of the All-Russian Local Council 1917–1918 and regional (district) Councils of the Russian Church in 1918–1920 in the modern Russian historiography
Аннотация
The author of the paper analyses modern scientific works in which the All-Russian Local Council 1917–1918 is examined. Moreover, the historiography of the regional (district) councils that took place in the Russian Church during the Local Council and the Civil war (All-Ukranian in Kyiv, Siberian in Tomsk, South-Eastern in Stavropol and also the attempt to convene the Council in the Far East), is researched. The author also talks about the key book series and publishing projects that have been accomplished during the last two decades. In the frames of these projects the representing and the investigation of the 1917–1918 Local Council’s herritage have been carried out. The works of individual scientists are discussed briefly, first of all of those historians who have their one views and their own approach on the place of the Local Council in the history of Russia and Russian Church. Achievements and failures in publishing Council heritage are assessed.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):173-181
173-181
Problems of application of historical-anthropological and microhistorical approaches on the example of reconstruction of the feats of signalers in the Battle of Stalingrad
Аннотация
The article deals with the problems of applying the historical-anthropological and microhistorical approaches on the example of the exploits of signalmen in the Battle of Stalingrad. This article is a continuation of the author’s research. In the current study, the question of this type of achievement was considered in more detail. Incorrect variants in the historiography of dating or geographical indications of the places of heroic deeds of signalmen were identified and corrected. Based onthese studies,the “mainstream”microhistorical and historical-anthropological approaches have been criticized. It was found that these areas are poorly developed in terms of methodology, their use has limits. The approaches themselves are not only very limited, but also cannot be applied as independent types of research. Once again, the relevance of a thorough development of the methodology of historical research in the modern period was emphasized.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):182-188
182-188
Military aid of the Soviet Union to the National Liberation Movement of Yugoslavia during the World War II
Аннотация
During World War II, the Soviet Union provided large-scale and multifaceted military assistance to the national liberation movement of Yugoslavia. This activity had several main directions, including training of Yugoslav military personnel in the USSR. The second direction was the training of Yugoslav military personnel in the USSR with the simultaneous creation of military formations. Thirdly, the formation of military units and the training of their personnel took place on the territory of Yugoslavia. The fourth direction of Soviet aid was sending advisers and instructors to the Yugoslav army. The fifth area of Soviet assistance was the logistics of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia and, finally, the assistance in the transformation of this army into the regular army of Yugoslavia.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):189-197
189-197
The Position of King’s wife in England in the second half of the 10th century: Queen Aelfthryth
Аннотация
The article focuses on the specifics of king’s wife position in England in the second half of the 10th century on the example of queen Aelfthryth. The research is based on the wide range of historical evidence dating back to Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman times. Aelfthryth was the first among Late Saxon queens, who were crowned and anointed. In the reign of her husband and son she enjoyed great power at court and showed high level of public activity. Aelfthryth was very likely involved in the conspiracy that resulted in the death of her stepson Edward the Saint. Her relations with the Church were contradictory. Ideological specificity of Benedictine reform in England provided the opportunity for Aelfthryth to make profit of her status of queen and mother. On the other hand, a number of Anglo-Norman narratives have preserved traces of hostile attitude to her in the monastic environment. The new features in the queen’s position in England in the reign of Edgar the Peaceful established an important political precedent. However, the changes did not affect all king’s wives. During the lifetime of queen mother the other royal women did not enjoy queenly status and stayed away from public affairs.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):198-206
198-206
The “Evil Years” after the death of King Przemysl Ottokar II in Bohemia and the regency of Otto of Brandenburg (1278–1283)
Аннотация
This article covers the political events that took place in the Czech Kingdom in the period from 1278 to 1283, which is known as the “Evil Years” by the national historical science of the Czech Republic. The main topic of this study is the difficult accession to the throne of Wenceslas II, due to his early childhood, who became a victim of political intrigues of both his own courtiers and external forces.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):207-212
207-212
Slovak cities at the end of the XIV – first half of the XV century. The specifics of the situation and the reasons for the heyday
Аннотация
Slovak cities at the end of the XIV- first half of the XV century were actively developing and getting richer. Their situation was caused by a number of complex interrelated reasons. An important role here was played by international trade with the Czech Kingdom, the Polish Kingdom and other countries, mining and the support of the king in the struggle for city rights. At the same time, the kings did not stop exploiting the cities and sought benefits for themselves in supporting the communal struggle. German immigrants had an ambiguous influence on urban life.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):213-217
213-217
Charles VI – rex inutilis? (on the issue of the crisis of royal power in France at the beginning of the 15th century)
Аннотация
This article is devoted to the study of the features of the crisis of royal power in France at the beginning of the 15th century. He was provoked by the mental illness of King Charles VI, since in France there was no practice of transferring power in the event of the incapacity of the king to his sons. The situation was complicated by the fact that the heirs had not yet reached the age of majority. This circumstance caused a split among the relatives into two groups: supporters and opponents of the removal of the king from the throne. Their confrontation sparked a civil war, which led to the transfer of the throne into the hands of the Lancaster dynasty.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):218-225
218-225
Urban finance and municipal government in English Tudor cities (using the example of Worcester)
Аннотация
One of the important problems for the English cities of the Tudor era was the managementt of finances. The main income was from real estate, which was supplemented by duties and fines. Fees of city officials, utilities, and hospitality accounted for three-quarters of all Worcester’s urban spending. The main problem was inflation and relatively stable income from urban property, which forced municipal authorities to look for new ways to solve financial problems. However, these new measures could not solve the problem of financial property deficit by the end of the reign of Elizabeth I.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):226-231
226-231
Thomas Wharton project and the problem of Anglo-Scottish border government in 1540s
Аннотация
This article analyses the draft reorganization of the administration of the border counties between England and Scotland, which was submitted to the monarch by Thomas Wharton. Thomas Wharton, a nobleman from Westmorland, had long held various posts in the frontier administration and was considered one of the most experienced and loyal nobles of the frontier. In his project, Wharton proposed a precise fixation of the rules of frontier administration and a concentration of strategically important land holdings and frontier strongholds in the monarch’s hands. The implementation of Wharton’s project would have increased the influence of royalty in the region.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):232-237
232-237
Global warming: Russia’s approaches and the West’s reaction
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the national climate policy from the moment of its emergence in the USSR in the 1960s and 1970s until the end of the active phase of cooperation between Moscow and Western countries in this area at the end of 2021. The main stages of climate policy,factors of evolution and impact onthe Russian economy are considered. It is concludedthatthe cooperation ofthe Russian Federation with Western countries on the issue of global warming was built on a solid foundation, which can become the basis for future dialogue.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):238-243
238-243
Governor of Saratov steward Nikita Ivanovich Golovin (1657–1659)
Аннотация
The article for the first time presents a detailed biography of the governor of Saratov Nikita Ivanovich Golovin. This serviceman in the homeland began his service at court in 1639 with the rank of steward. He received his first voivodship appointment in 1650, being appointed governor to Bryansk, and at the beginning of 1657 he was sent to Saratov as governor. Particular attention in the article is paidtothe Saratov service of N. I. Golovin. The characteristics ofthe inner life of Saratov, the occupations of the inhabitants are given, the names of Russian and foreign ambassadors who visited the city under the governor N. I. Golovin are given. Compared to other governors of Saratov, Nikita Golovin’s participation in various military operations was not found in the sources; he was mainly engaged in court service.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):244-254
244-254
Saratov governor M. N. Galkin-Vrasky and Chairman of the Moscow Slavic Committee I. S. Aksakov: Correspondence materials (1877–1878)
Аннотация
The published materials of the correspondence of the chairman of the Moscow Slavic Committee I. S. Aksakov and Saratov Governor M. N. Galkin-Vrasky chronologically refer to the prehistory and the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 and reveal a number of aspects of interaction between public organizations and the official authorities. An analysis of the content of the correspondence and its historical context reveals the importance of the social movement factor in the foreign policy activities of the Russian Empire. The article focuses on the Slavic charitable initiatives of the public of the Saratov province in 1876–1878.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):255-264
255-264
Land management of Jews in the Pskov region in the 1920s
Аннотация
In the article, based on the materials of the Pskov Region of the 1920s, attempts to transform Jews into an agricultural nation are considered: allotment of their land, land management, organization of national collective farms; the inconsistency of the activities carried out, their results are shown.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):265-275
265-275
The phenomenon of the multinational Soviet Union: Based on the results of the international scientific conference
Аннотация
The information about the International Scientific Conference “The Phenomenon of the Multinational Soviet Union: History, heritage and social memory” held on October 14–15, 2022 is presented. The participants discussed a wide range of theoretical and methodological, historical, economic, philosophical, legal, cultural, linguistic problems of education, formation, disintegration of a single state and its consequences. The presented reports reflectthe unique historical experience of the formation and functioning of the Soviet Union as a state-civilization, which requires further reflection and study.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2023;23(2):276-280
276-280