Differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (Orthoherpesviridae: Varicellovirus)

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Abstract

Introduction. Differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of bovine type 1 herpesvirus Varicellovirus bovinealpha1 is an urgent task to improve the quality of diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). There are several approaches to solve this problem. The most successful methods are those proposed by R.W. Fulton and S.K. Chothe in 2013 and 2018, respectively.

The aim of the study is to test the methods proposed by R.W. Fulton and S.K. Chothe to study the possibility of their optimization and implementation in routine laboratory diagnostics of IBR in Russia.

Materials and methods. 4 vaccine strains and 6 field isolates of the IBR virus were studied using PCR-based algorithms by R.W. Fulton and S.K. Chothe to determine the presence of single nucleotide substitutions at 11 control points of the virus genome in comparison with the nucleotide sequence of the reference strain Cooper JX898220.

Results. Both methods confirmed that the domestic strains of the IBR virus used for the production of inactivated vaccines originate from field isolates of the virus. Both the reference and modern epizootic isolates obtained by us and our colleagues at different times in Russia are epizootic strains that have no direct connection with the large-scale use of foreign vaccines, including live ones, both among our own indigenous livestock and among animals imported from abroad. None of the methods we tested allows us to distinguish between Varicellovirus bovinealpha1 and Varicellovirus bovinealpha5.

Conclusion. The methods proposed by R.W. Fulton (2013) and S.K. Chothe (2018) can be used to differentiate vaccine strains and field isolates of IBR virus only after our recommended preliminary differentiation of BoHV of types 1 and 5.

About the authors

Alexander V. Pchelnikov

Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin

Email: vetdr-mom@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9712-3079

Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Epizootology and Organization of Veterinary Medicine

Russian Federation, 109472, Moscow

Anton G. Yuzhakov

Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin

Email: anton_oskol@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0426-9678

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Interdepartmental Research Laboratory

Russian Federation, 109472, Moscow

Irina A. Makhova

Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin

Author for correspondence.
Email: makhovairinafvm@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1851-8963

Laboratory assistant at the Interdepartmental Research Laboratory

Russian Federation, 109472, Moscow

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