Effect of Anesthesia in the Ante- and Intranatal Periods of Development on the Cognitive Status of Children Aged from 0 to 3 Years

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Abstract

The article presents the results of a systematic review of publications aimed at analizing the effects of anesthesia during ante- and intranatal periods of development on the cognitive status of infants and young children. The search for publications was carried out by analyzing electronic bibliographic databases Web of Science and PubMed. The analysis revealed five factors, which determine the effects of ante- and intranatal anesthesia on the cognitive development of children: the type of anesthesia, the type of anesthetic, the period of child’s development, the frequency and duration of exposure as well as the dosage and concentration of the substance. Such cognitive functions as memory, learning ability, speech, perceptual processes and motor activity as a predictor for intelligence formation in early childhood are the most vulnerable to the effects of ante- and intranatal anesthesia. The analysis led to the conclusion that regional anesthesia is the safest option of analgesia for operative delivery and non-surgical operations in pregnant women (in terms of the risks of neurocognitive development disorders in children). In the case of general anesthesia, the lowest risks of negative consequences for cognitive status of a child during early childhood are associated with the exposure of sevoflurane.

About the authors

Yury S. Aleksandrovich

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: jalex1963@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2131-4813
SPIN-code: 2225-1630

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Irina A. Gorkovaya

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: iralgork@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1488-4746
SPIN-code: 1604-2157

PhD in Psychological Sciences, Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anastasia V. Miklyaeva

Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia

Email: a.miklyaeva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8389-2275
SPIN-code: 9471-8985

PhD in Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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