Classification and pathogenesis of preeclampsia: contemporary concepts
- Authors: Ershov I.A.1, Vasiliev A.G.1, Reznik V.A.1, Taits A.N.1, Pugacheva M.A.1, Bikbov I.Z.2, Agalakova N.I.3
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Affiliations:
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 15, No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 73-83
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/pediatr/article/view/279241
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PED15473-83
- ID: 279241
Cite item
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a systemic hypertensive disorder that develops during pregnancy and is typical only for humans. Persistent high blood pressure and associated organ damage have a negative impact on the mother and child organisms not only during pregnancy, but also exposes them to the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications later in life. Despite many years of research, the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia have not been sufficiently studied, while currently available therapeutic methods remain ineffective. This review analyzes the contemporary concepts on the types and stages of preeclampsia, as well as on pathomorphological changes in the placenta and blood vessels tissues. Depending on gestational age, pathophysiology and clinical consequences for the mother, two types of PE are currently distinguished — preeclampsia with early onset (before 34 weeks of pregnancy) and preeclampsia with late onset (at/after 34 weeks or after delivery). Preeclampsia with early manifestation is recognized as a consequence of defective placentation, while the pathology of maternal cardiovascular system is the main cause of the late disease onset. In both cases an impaired placental perfusion leads to numerous morphological anomalies and deposition of fibrotic tissue in the placenta and vessels.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Ivan A. Ershov
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: Ershov_IA@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-4725-8700
SPIN-code: 4228-2536
Physician of the Pregnancy Pathology Department of the Perinatal Center, Assistant of the Neonatology Department with Courses in Neurology and Obstetrics-Gynecology of the Faculty and Further Professional Education
Russian Federation, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2Andrey G. Vasiliev
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: avas7@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8539-7128
SPIN-code: 1985-4025
MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Pathological Physiology Department with a Course in Immunopathology
Russian Federation, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2Vitaly A. Reznik
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: vitaliy-reznik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2776-6239
SPIN-code: 9761-6624
MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Physician
Russian Federation, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2Anna N. Taits
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: annataits@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1084-260X
SPIN-code: 9766-7352
MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Deputy Chief Physician for Obstetrics and Gynecology
Russian Federation, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2Marina A. Pugacheva
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: pugacheva-medi@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0308-0977
MD, PhD, obstetrician-gynecologist
Russian Federation, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2Ilgam Z. Bikbov
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Email: bikbov.ilgam@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-2098-5045
Student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgNatalia I. Agalakova
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: nagalak@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0393-8139
SPIN-code: 3449-1976
PhD, Leading Researcher
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
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