Two Rare Anatomical Variants of Femoral Triangle Vessels in One Patient: Case Report

INTRODUCTION: The upper third of thigh — the area of the femoral triangle, or Scarpa’s triangle, is of great importance both in anatomy and vascular surgery. It is the place of passage of the main vessels of the lower extremities: the femoral artery, femoral vein and their largest tributaries which are easily accessible in this region due to their superficial location. To note, in the vascular surgery, the femoral vessels are divided to common and superficial ones depending on the level of their location relative to deep femoral vessels. This division is extremely important in the functional aspect, since deep femoral vessels may significantly compensate for the blood flow in case of impaired patency of the superficial femoral vessels. Besides, an important tributary of the common femoral vein is the great saphenous vein forming saphenofemoral junction. Classic anatomy describes vessels of the upper third of thigh as single trunks with permanent topography. At the same time, in the literature there are commonly encountered reports of duplication of the superficial femoral vein, two trunks of the deep femoral artery, and relatively rare reports of atypical saphenofemoral junctions (about 0.02%). The work describes anatomical variants of the FT vessels in one patient: atypical saphenofemoral junction on the right and duplication of the common femoral vein on the left, two trunks of the deep femoral artery on both sides.

CONCLUSION: The anatomical variants of FT vessels described in the article, are rare. It is important that clinicians know about them to avoid errors in diagnosis or surgical treatment.