Diagnostic capabilities of the biochemical composition of amniotic fluid in assessing fetal conditions

Aim. To analyze the nature of changes in the biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid during fetal hypoxia.

Methods. The study was carried out in the maternity ward of the Republican Clinical Hospital named after Kuvatov (Ufa) between January 2016 and September 2018. The main group — 72 women in labor with symptoms of fetal distress, the control group — 70 women in labor without it. The biochemical composition of the amniotic fluid was measured using an analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistica 10.0 software. Comparison of qualitative characteristics was carried out by using Fisher's exact test when comparing quantitative data, the Mann–Whitney test. The statistical significance of the differences was set at p <0.05.

Results. It was found that in fetal distress, there is a decrease in such biochemical indicators of the composition of amniotic fluid as the level of triglycerides (0.2±0.1 and 0.3±0.1 mmol/L, p=0.0036) and cholesterol (0.1±0.16 and 0.3±0.2 mmol/L, p=0.0275), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (34.5±11 and 48.7±6.8 U/L, p=0.0261), while the level the lactate (in the main group 3.5±1.2 and 3.1±0.9 mmol/L in the control group, p=0.0035), glucose (1.2±0.6 and 0.6±0.3 mmol/L, p=0.0002) and nitrogenous substances such as urea (4.5±1.1 and 3.0±1.3 mmol/L, p=0.0018) increases.

Conclusion. The biochemical composition of amniotic fluid reflects the state of the fetus at birth, and therefore the study of the amniotic fluid is a relevant and accessible method.