Child Infectious Morbidity in the USSR during the World War II
- Authors: Sher SA1, Albitskiy VY.1, Baranov AA1
-
Affiliations:
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 101, No 3 (2020)
- Pages: 452-458
- Section: History of medicine
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/34618
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ2020-452
- ID: 34618
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
This article presents the results of a historical and medical research reflecting infectious morbidity among children during the Second World War (the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945). The research, based on archival and literary sources, aims to highlight the situation with infectious morbidity of children in the USSR during the war. The study is relevant because the majority of historical and medical research devoted to the war had been carried out in the Soviet epoch and did not always depict an objective image due to the ideological concepts of that time, which often prohibited the publication of certain information. Inconsiderable in number studies have been conducted on this topic in post-Soviet Russia, yet are selective or localized. A review of a wide range of sources provides an independent perspective on the dramatic situation concerning the significant increase of childhood infections during the war both in the occupied territory and in the regions of children’s evacuation. As a result of systemic control measures carried out by central and regional public health services, childhood infections had not become endemic. Despite the rising number of tuberculosis cases, sexually transmitted diseases, and malaria in the early years of the war, further spread of the socially significant pathologies was prevented.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
S A Sher
Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: albicky1941@yandex.ru
SPIN-code: 4660-5538
Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
V Yu Albitskiy
Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: albicky1941@yandex.ru
SPIN-code: 4960-1279
Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
A A Baranov
Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: albicky1941@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3987-8112
SPIN-code: 3570-1806
Scopus Author ID: 57201770953
ResearcherId: O-4882-2019
Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
References
- Kovrigina M.D. War and Children. Moscow: Publisher “Home” (In Russian, “Dom”). 1995; 48 p. (In Russ.)
- State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #66. Report on the condition of Public Children's Health Care during the Great Patriotic War (May 29 — December 29, 1944): 23–29. (In Russ.)
- Manannikova N.V. Medical care service for children in areas of the Russian Federation liberated from German occupation. Writings of the Plenums of the Council of treatment-and-preventive care for children. The Ministry of Public Health of the USSR and the RSFSR. Moscow: Medgiz. 1948; 13–17. (In Russ.)
- Kovrigina M.D. Medical care for children during the Great Patriotic War. Writings of the Plenums of the Council of treatment-and-preventive care for children. The Ministry of Public Health of the USSR and the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Moscow: Medgiz. 1948; 5–13. (In Russ.)
- Shteinberg L.D. Monitoring the health condition of children in the Voronezh region that was in the occupation zone. Writings of the Plenums of the Council of treatment-and-preventive care for children. The Ministry of Public Health of the USSR and the RSFSR. Moscow: Medgiz. 1948; 84–88. (In Russ.)
- About the children evacuated from Moscow and Leningrad. Resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from August 22, 1941. News [“Izvestiya”] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Soviet Socialist Republic. Moscow. 1990, September, #9; 206–207. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fond Р-6822. Evacuation Council under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Inventory #1. Case #541. Resolutions of the Evacuation Council from #EC-1 to #EC-123. 173–174. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 2306. People’s Commissariat of Education. Inventory 70. Case 2760. Records of control of the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR “Measures to Improve the work of evacuated children's institutions” from March 24, 1942 (May 27, 1942 — May 1943). 32. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 2306. People’s Commissariat of Education. Inventory 70. Case 2782. References, report notes, correspondence of Leningrad District of Education about evacuation and placement of children and schools from Leningrad at the beginning of the school year (March 13 — November 11, 1942). 1. (In Russ.)
- Sakovich N.V. Social Problems of Rear area Workers: Health Care Organization in Gorky Region on the Eve and During the Great Patriotic War. Nizhny Novgorod. 2010; 100 p. (In Russ.)
- Public Health Care during the Great Patriotic War. 1941–1945. Collection of documents and data / Ed. M.I. Barsukov, D.D. Kuvshinsky. Moscow: Medicine. 1977; 575 p. (In Russ.)
- Goldfeld A.J. Essays on the History of Pediatrics of the USSR. Moscow: Medicine. 1970; 184 p. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #21. Instructions and circular letters of the Department of Children's Therapeutic and Preventive Institutions of the People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR for 1942 (August 8 — November 14, 1942). 22–23 (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #155. Data on the issue of medical health care of kindergartens (January 15 — December 20, 1945). 45–46. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #61. Data on the condition of evacuated children's institutions (staff report, briefing notes, correspondence) (January 1 — December 25, 1943). 11, 94–95. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #219. Brief report on the activities of the Department of Therapeutic and Preventive Care for Children of the People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR and local administration of Therapeutic and Preventive care of children, and the condition of children's health care service during the Great Patriotic War (November 4, 1947). 1–23. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #43. Instructions of the National Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR on issues of child health care (June 7 — August 3, 1943). 8, 9, 13–15. (In Russ.)
- Myasoedova V.M. Tuberculosis in children in 1942 from the materials of the hospital named after Krupskaya in Leningrad. Issues of pediatrics in the days of the Blockaded Leningrad. Nutritional dystrophy and avitaminosis in children. Leningrad: Medgiz. 1944; 111–114. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #145. Data representative of the development of children's health care in the USSR (22 March — 22 October, 1945). L. 34–40. (In Russ.)
- Kalugina M.N., Brotskaya S.M., Zborovskaya F.I. Physical development and health condition of schoolchildren of Krasnogvardeyskiy district of Moscow in 1944. Information collection of the Institute of Pediatrics of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Moscow. 1946; 53–54. (In Russ.)
- SARF. Fund 8009. People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory #21. Case #41. Data on the struggle against tuberculosis among children (transcript of the session of the Committee on Children's Tuberculosis in the People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR from October 20, 1943; protocol of the meeting with Deputy People's Commissar of Health of the USSR Kovrigina from October 11, 1943) (June 6 — November 15, 1943). 57. (In Russ.)
Supplementary files
