Lymphocyte apoptosis in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19
- Authors: Khaertynov K.S.1, Boichuk S.V.1, Anokhin V.A.1, Galembikova A.R.1, Evdokimova A.E.1
-
Affiliations:
- Kazan State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 105, No 6 (2024)
- Pages: 926-935
- Section: Theoretical and clinical medicine
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/311378
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ633257
- ID: 311378
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lymphopenia in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 is associated with the risk of developing severe forms and unfavorable outcome. One of the reasons for the development of lymphopenia is apoptosis.
AIM: Evaluation of the severity of peripheral blood lymphocytes' apoptosis in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 42 patients with COVID-19 aged 37 to 90 years were examined. They were hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Professor A.F. Agafonov, Kazan, from October 24, 2021 to March 1, 2022. In 13 patients, the lung lesion volume ranged from 10 to 25% (CT-1), in 20 — from 25 to 50% (CT-2), in 9 — from 50 to 75% (CT-3). Ribonucleic acid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from the nasopharynx in 35 (83%) patients. COVID-19 was moderate in 14 patients, and severe in 28 patients. The control group consisted of 10 conditionally healthy people of the same age. Lymphocyte apoptosis was assessed by quantifying hypodiploid cells by changing the intensity of their staining with propidium iodide using flow cytometry. To determine the reliability of differences in indicators between the compared groups, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used, and when comparing percentages, the χ2 criterion was used. The reliability of differences was established at p <0.05.
RESULTS: It was found that patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher lymphocyte apoptosis activity compared to the control group. The median of the studied indicator in patients with COVID-19 was 39.3%, while in the control group it was 15.1% (p <0.001). The severity of lymphocyte apoptosis correlated with the severity of the disease: the highest rates were recorded in patients with severe COVID-19 (p=0.02). Moreover, lymphocyte apoptosis >55% was associated with the risk of death (p=0.03). A moderate correlation was established between lymphocyte apoptosis rates and blood ferritin levels (Spearman coefficient p=0.39, p <0.05).
CONCLUSION: Coronavirus infection COVID-19 was accompanied by an increase in the activity of peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis; the highest apoptosis rates were recorded in patients with severe COVID-19.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Khalit S. Khaertynov
Kazan State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: khalit65@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9013-4402
SPIN-code: 7602-2918
Scopus Author ID: 6504772063
ResearcherId: G-9088-2017
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Children's Infections
Russian Federation, KazanSergey V. Boichuk
Kazan State Medical University
Email: boichuksergei@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2415-1084
SPIN-code: 8058-6246
Scopus Author ID: 6506322420
ResearcherId: R-2839-2016
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of General Pathology
Russian Federation, KazanVladimir A. Anokhin
Kazan State Medical University
Email: anokhin56@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1050-9081
SPIN-code: 5291-7172
Scopus Author ID: 7005644258
ResearcherId: А-5230-2019
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Children's Infections
Russian Federation, KazanAigul R. Galembikova
Kazan State Medical University
Email: ailuk000@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0293-2974
SPIN-code: 9985-9062
Scopus Author ID: 56529709300
ResearcherId: Y-8761-2019
Assistant, Depart. of General Pathology
Russian Federation, KazanArina E. Evdokimova
Kazan State Medical University
Email: tilai.ar@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9851-2386
SPIN-code: 8011-3837
Graduate Student, Depart. of Children's Infections
Russian Federation, KazanReferences
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