Vitamin D deficiency as a factor in reducing bone mineral density after childbirth
- Authors: Novikova T.V.1, Zazerskaya I.E.1, Kuznetsova L.V.1, Bart V.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
- Issue: Vol 67, No 6 (2018)
- Pages: 60-68
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/jowd/article/view/10971
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD67660-68
- ID: 10971
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Hypothesis/aims of study. Physiological pregnancy is not a reliable risk factor for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The causes affecting BMD in reproductive age, such as smoking, heredity, low physical activity, low body mass index, unbalanced diet, ovarian dysfunction, and vitamin D deficiency are studied. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to the development of osteopenia after childbirth.
Study design, materials and methods. This is a cohort study conducted in V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia in the period from October 2013 to November 2014. We examined 86 puerperas on days 3–5 after delivery. The age of women ranged from 20 to 35 years. Patients were surveyed using the questionnaire on the main risk factors for osteoporosis. The method of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate BMD in the central and peripheral skeleton. Serum levels of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone were determined in all pregnant women.
Results. According to the results of Х-ray osteodensitometry, normal BMD was detected in 45% (n = 38) of puerperas (comparison group), with reduced BMD revealed in 55% (n = 48) of puerperas (main group). The main group was divided into subgroups: osteopenia in the distal forearm was detected in 27 (56%) puerperas, in the proximal femur in 7 (16%) puerperas, and in the lumbar spine in 14 (28%) puerperas. 58-78% of patients showed vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. In the group with osteopenia, vitamin D deficiency prevails, reaching 78% in women with osteopenia in the forearm, while in the group with normal BMD, vitamin D deficiency predominates in 70% of patients. The mean value of 25(OH)D in serum in the group with osteopenia and that in the group with normal BMD differ 1.5 times. The level of 25(OH)D in postpartum women with osteopenia in the forearm is two times lower, when compared to the group with normal BMD, parathyroid hormone being within reference values. In the group with osteopenia in the lumbar spine, opsooligomenorrhea is more common (p < 0.05), while in the group with osteopenia in the proximal forearm, a possible significant factor was revealed to be preeclampsia (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. Osteopenia after childbirth is found in 55% of patients. In 56% of cases, osteopenia occurs in the distal forearm. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant factor in the reduction of BMD in the distal forearm and lumbar spine. At a level of 25 (OH) D < 20 ng/ml, the risk of developing osteopenia increases by 56%.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Tatyana V. Novikova
V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Author for correspondence.
Email: tanyanovikova.85@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 7143-2088
Researcher. The Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Women’s Health. The Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgIrina E. Zazerskaya
V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Email: zazera@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 5873-2280
MD, PhD, DSci (Medicine), the Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgLyubov V. Kuznetsova
V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Email: krivo73@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 5873-2280
MD, PhD, the Head of the Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Women’s Health. The Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgViktor A. Bart
V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Email: vbartvit@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 9400-0754
PhD, the Head of the Research Laboratory of Biostatistics
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
- Gajic-Veljanoski O, Papaioannou A, Kennedy C, et al. Osteoporotic fractures and obesity affect frailty progression: a longitudinal analysis of the Canadian multicentre osteoporosis study. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0692-0.
- Balasuriya CND, Evensen KAI, Mosti MP, et al. Peak Bone Mass and Bone Microarchitecture in Adults Born with Low Birth Weight Preterm or at Term: A Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(7):2491-2500. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3827.
- Azzopardi N, Ellul P. Risk factors for osteoporosis in Crohn’s disease: infliximab, corticosteroids, body mass index, and age of onset. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(6):1173-1178. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31828075a7.
- Судаков Д.С. Оценка кальций-фосфорного обмена и ремоделирования костной ткани у женщин при физиологической беременности: Автореф. дис.. канд. мед. наук. - СПб., 2011. [Sudakov DS. Otsenka kal’tsiy-fosfornogo obmena i remodelirovaniya kostnoy tkani u zhenshchin pri fiziologicheskoy beremennosti. [dissertation] Saint Petersburg; 2011. (In Russ.)]
- Kovacs CS. Calcium and bone metabolism disorders during pregnancy and lactation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011;40(4):795-826. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2011.08.002.
- Зазерская И.Е., Дорофейков В.В., Кузнецова Л.В., и др. Витамин D и репродуктивное здоровье женщины / Под ред. И.Е. Зазерской. - СПб.: Эко-Вектор, 2017. [Zazerskaya IE, Dorofeykov VV, Kuznetsova LV, et al. Vitamin D i reproduktivnoe zdorov’e zhenshchiny. Ed by I.E. Zazerskaya. Saint Petersburg: Eco-Vector; 2017. (In Russ.)]
- Papakitsou EF, Margioris AN, Dretakis KE, et al. Body mass index (BMI) and parameters of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004;47(3):185-193. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5122(03)00282-2.
- Sidor P, Glabska D, Wlodarek D. Analysis of the dietary factors contributing to the future osteoporosis risk in young Polish women. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2016;67(3):279-285.
- Шишкова В.Н. Ожирение и остеопроз // Остеопроз и остеопатии. - 2011. - № 1. - С. 21-26. [Shishkova VN. Obesity and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and bone diseases. 2011;(1):21-26. (In Russ.)]
- El Maghraoui A, Guerboub AA, Mounach A, et al. Body mass index and gynecological factors as determinants of bone mass in healthy Moroccan women. Maturitas. 2007;56(4):375-382. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.10.004.
- Meczekalski B, Katulski K, Czyzyk A, et al. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and its influence on women’s health. J Endocrinol Invest. 2014;37(11):1049-1056. doi: 10.1007/s40618-014-0169-3.
- Wiksten-Almstromer M, Hirschberg AL, Hagenfeldt K. Prospective follow-up of menstrual disorders in adolescence and prognostic factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(11):1162-1168. doi: 10.1080/00016340802478166.
- Laskey MA, Price RI, Khoo BC, Prentice A. Proximal femur structural geometry changes during and following lactation. Bone. 2011;48(4):755-759. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.11.016.
- Gajic-Veljanoski O, Papaioannou A, Kennedy C, et al. Osteoporotic fractures and obesity affect frailty progression: a longitudinal analysis of the Canadian multicentre osteoporosis study. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0692-0.
- Chin KY, Low NY, Dewiputri WI, Ima-Nirwanaa S. Factors Associated with Bone Health in Malaysian Middle-Aged and Elderly Women Assessed via Quantitative Ultrasound. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(7). doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070736.
- Moller UK, Vieth Streym S, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L. Changes in bone mineral density and body composition during pregnancy and postpartum. A controlled cohort study. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(4):1213-1223. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1654-6.
Supplementary files
