Vol 2, No 2 (2002)

The authors are analyzing literature data as well as the results of their own investigations in the area of the role of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in realization of stress-induced changes of the immune system functions Cellular-molecular mechanisms of stress reaction development are examined, including changes in production 0 lymphocyte-activating factors (LAF) and IL-1, alterations in biological effects of IL-1 on its target cells and in further intracellular (ransduction of the cytokine signal via the sphingomyelin pathway in different kinds of stress, exerting immunostimulating or immunosuppressive influence on humoral immune response. Mutual modulating action of IL-1 and glucocorticoid hormones and its role in mobilization of immunological defense reactions under stress are analyzed.

This study presents new data about the genome features of group в streptococcal strains isolated in different geographic regions. It was demonstrated that the entire genome organization of group в streptococci Is highly conservative. It was found out that both ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis taken together provide an additional valuable source of information for epidemiology. The genetic homogeneity of all bac gene-positive strains was revealed.

6-Hydroxydopamlne (6-OHĐA, 75 mkg), producing selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, was injected intraamniotically to every rat fetus on the 13th and 17th days of embryogenesis. A similar experiment was performed, when 6-OHDA was administered i.p. to newborn rats on the 4th and 10th days of life. All rats were raised, and several dopamine-dependent types of behavior were investigated in adult animals: rotation behavior, anxiety in elevated cross-like maze, conditional place preference, differentiation of novel and known alleys of Y-maze Prenatal administration of 6-OHDA initiated rotations and stereotypy, decreased anxiety in elevated maze, reduced the reinforcing properties of amphetamine in place preference test and disturbed the differentiation of novel and known alley in Y-maze less than did the postnatal injection of neurotoxin. Therefore, the early postnatal period is more sensitive to neurotoxin action than the prenatal period of development. This phenomenon is connected to the critical periods of dopaminergic system development in ontogeny.

This work deals with the main causes of the early and remote complications after reconstructive operations on the major arteries, indicates the methods of surgical treatment of the post-operative complications and the results of repeat reconstructive operations. 220 repeat operations were carried out in 172 patients. The most widely spread reasons for the occurence of complications are: the main illness growing progressively worse, wrong choice of surgical treatment methods, technical mistakes during the operation Different kinds of shunting operations were performed most frequently - in 144 patients (65,5 %), among them there were 78 repeat operations with revascularization of the extremity by including the deep femoral artery into the blood stream. Thrombectomy with reconstruction of the distal anastomosis was carried out in 41 patients. Extraanatomical reconstruction was performed in 5 patients. Amputation of the extremety without repeat reconstructive operation was performed in 11 patients because of the late contact with a doctor and tissue irreversible necrosis development. Amputation after the repeat reconstructive operation was carried out in 19 patients because of ischemia development. A positive result after the repeat reconstructive operations was reached in 73,8 % of patients. The lethality after the repeat reconstructive operations was 5,2 %.

In this article results of thick needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules done in 5463 patients are presented. In 4450 (58 %) cases according to the given cytological diagnosis benign forms of thyroid pathology were found. 212 (4 %) cases had cytological presentations of malignancy while in 428 (8 %) cases cytological diagnosis could not rule out presence of malignancy. In 373 (7 %) cases results of primary puncture biopsy were non-informative. 761 patients underwent operative treatment. Comparing the received cytological and histological investigations, the following results were obtained: sensitivity 81,4, specificity 83,6, false positive 6,6 and false negative 16,3.

322 Vietnamese veterans of the USA chemical war were examined. The comparative analysis of the health assessment of the people exposed and not exposed to dioxin has revealed the long-term health conequences of exposure. The data of clinical examination of the Vietnamese veterans testify the existence of a new kind of pathology, which is characterized by the stable lesions of all the organs and systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, excretory, osteomuscular and reproductive systems), by reliable differences of anthropometric parameters and also by lifetime reduction. The results of the research allowed to determine the new kind of pathology as dioxin disease.

Conducting comprehensive social-hygienic research on incidence is impossible without the use of modern information technologies. In so doing, development and management of profile personalized data bases (PPDB) on incidence becomes a major goal. Creating PPDB about the incidence among the population will provide the necessary analysis, estimation and prognosis of medical situation, and allow working on earlier diagnostics, treatment and later dynamic observation of the patients more effectively and with lower expenses. It's necessary to regard PPDB as autonomous information modules, integrated into the subsystem «Monitoring of Public Health of the Region». Using the principles of module construction, it’s possible to create and implement step by step a hi-tech and effective system for monitoring public health and heath care system on the regional level.

The lection presents the contemporary conceptions of the main mechanisms of infection immunity. A special attention is given to the conception of heterogeneity of the immune response T-helpers (Mosmann T. et al., 1986) which has lately proved to be an effective instrument in the research of pathogenesis and immune response in parasitic, fungous, viral and bacterial infections. The practical consequence of this conception is the new immune correction principle, consisting of normalization of the T-helpers 1 and 2 balance.