Advantages and disadvantages of using silver nanoparticles in medicine. Benefits of silver nanoparticle composites with organic antibacterial substances and biocompatible polymers

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Abstract

The development of bacterial resistance to drugs currently used in clinical practice remains a major challenge in modern medicine. Nanoparticles are now widely applied in various industries, including medicine. Silver nanoparticles exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, as well as bacteria within biofilms. Silver nanoparticles possess multiple antimicrobial targets, which makes the development of microbial resistance to them difficult. In addition, silver demonstrates other types of biological activity, including wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. However, despite the undeniable advantages of these nanomaterials, their medical application remains limited by certain adverse effects on living organisms. The wide range of biological properties and potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles are determined by their size and shape, the synthesis method, and the type of stabilizing agent used. This review provides information on approaches to modifying silver nanoparticles with antibacterial agents such as antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, which show synergistic or additive effects against pathogenic bacteria when combined with nanoparticles. The creation of such complexes enhances antimicrobial activity and improves nanoparticle stability. Therefore, composites of silver nanoparticles with organic antibacterial agents and biocompatible polymers can be considered a promising platform for the development of new, effective antibacterial preparations with reduced undesirable properties.

About the authors

Elizaveta V. Vladimirova

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: vladymyrovaliza18@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6576-9844
SPIN-code: 8068-4141
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Olga V. Shamova

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Author for correspondence.
Email: oshamova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5168-2801
SPIN-code: 2913-4726

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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