数字技术与人工智能在妊娠期心血管并发症诊断中的应用：综述

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妊娠期心血管疾病仍然是全球范围内孕产妇发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。数字技术与人工智能的发展为妊娠期心血管并发症的风险分层、早期诊断及监测提供了新的可能性。尽管心电图、超声心动图及生物化学标志物等传统方法具有一定的有效性，但在妊娠条件下，其敏感性、可重复性及及时应用能力仍受到限制。人工智能模型通过整合多模态数据——包括临床病史、影像学资料、实验室指标及可穿戴设备数据——显示出识别亚临床心血管改变的潜力，而这些改变在常规诊断中可能被忽视。现有研究表明，人工智能在心血管并发症风险预测、心律失常识别、围产期心肌病诊断、瓣膜性心脏病评估以及妊娠期高血压疾病，包括子痫前期，的预测方面具有应用前景。神经网络模型在多项研究中显示出优于传统统计模型的预测性能，在部分研究中其预测准确性达到较高水平（ROC曲线下面积AUC> 0.90）。此外，人工智能在医学影像及心音图解读中的应用，有助于降低观察者间差异并提高诊断效率。尽管研究结果令人鼓舞，但人工智能在该领域的临床应用仍面临若干问题，包括数据质量与代表性不足、算法偏倚、伦理与监管问题，以及在孕妇人群中临床验证证据有限等。人工智能在产科—心脏病学实践中的应用，需要多学科协作、严格验证及透明的治理体系。

综上所述，人工智能技术在优化妊娠期合并心血管疾病孕妇的管理方面具有重要潜力，在克服伦理和组织层面障碍的前提下，可能有助于降低孕产妇发病率和死亡率。

作者简介

Yurii A. Trusov

Samara State Medical University

Email: yu.a.trusov@samsmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6407-3880
SPIN 代码: 3203-5314
俄罗斯联邦, Samara

Khadizhat T. Shamsueva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: shamsuevakh1@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7173-9072
俄罗斯联邦, Vladikavkaz

Marianna Z. Kolkhidova

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: mari_kolxi@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1301-8795
俄罗斯联邦, Vladikavkaz

Albina T. Inderbieva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: dr.inderbieva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8620-4790
俄罗斯联邦, Vladikavkaz

Elizaveta D. Baryshnikova

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (Pirogov University)

Email: mazhirinal2013@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-6066-9354
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Kamilya A. Khusnutdinova

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (Pirogov University)

Email: Khusnutdinova.k@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-7935-9477
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Aleksandra E. Rasponomareva

Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: aleksandrarasp@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-3382-1493
俄罗斯联邦, Krasnoyarsk

Alina R. Shabazgerieva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: alyashabazgerieva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-5687-7098
俄罗斯联邦, Vladikavkaz

Khadzhimurad K. Radzhabov

Penza State University

Email: khadzhimurad.radzhabov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3169-951X
俄罗斯联邦, Penza

Stanislav A. Sanakoev

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: stas.sanakoev-2018@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1058-9226
俄罗斯联邦, Vladikavkaz

Valeria Kh. Kudzieva

Rostov State Medical University

Email: kudzievavaleria@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-6371-6112
俄罗斯联邦, Rostov-on-Don

Alina V. Ponomareva

Kuban State Medical University

Email: alipon4@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3936-7982
俄罗斯联邦, Krasnodar

Natalia K. Kozyreva

Kuban State Medical University

Email: Nata05042004@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1517-0539
俄罗斯联邦, Krasnodar

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