Artificial intelligence technologies in the administrative coercion systems of Сhina and Russia: comparative legal analysis of effectiveness and citizens' rights guarantees

the purpose of this study is a comparative legal analysis of the transformation of administrative coercion institutions under the influence of artificial intelligence technologies in the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. The relevance of the work is due to the rapid introduction of algorithmic systems into public administration, which fundamentally changes traditional procedures for bringing to responsibility, detecting offenses and behavior control, posing new challenges to the principles of legality, proportionality and human rights protection. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive comparison of two non-Western models of digitalization of coercive administrative power, where technological solutions act not just as optimization tools, but as factors reformatting the very nature of the relationship between the state and the individual. The analysis focuses on the Chinese Social Credit System (Shehui Xinyong Tixi), integrating administrative sanctions with Big Data, and Russian practices of using systems for automatic fixation of administrative offenses (photo-video recording cameras, risk-based control), as well as experiments with predictive analytics in supervisory activities. The methodological basis was formed by comparative legal, formal legal and interdisciplinary approaches, which made it possible to assess not only regulatory texts, but also their socio-legal consequences. The empirical base includes data on the effectiveness of systems (for example, statistics on the reduction of traffic violations in Russian regions with a high density of cameras, indicators of the impact of social credit on the enforcement of court decisions in China), judicial practice on challenging decisions made with the help of AI, and departmental reports. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of specific proposals for adapting the Russian legal system to the challenges of "algorithmic governance": developing criteria for testing algorithms for discrimination, consolidating the procedure for "human intervention" in critically important decisions, creating mechanisms for appealing the actions of automated systems. It is concluded that the Chinese model demonstrates high managerial efficiency through total data integration and preventive impact, but is associated with the risks of creating a social ranking system. The Russian approach is fragmented and aimed primarily at fiscal and control tasks, lagging behind in creating comprehensive systems for assessing integrity, but retaining clearer, albeit underdeveloped, procedural frameworks for protecting the rights of a citizen.

artificial intelligence, administrative coercion, administrative responsibility, social credit, automatic offense fixation, citizens' rights, comparative administrative law, algorithmic governance, supervisory activity