A structural and semantic analysis of German phraseological units with an anthroponym component

this article provides a structural and semantic analysis of German phraseological units containing an anthroponym component. Using a corpus of examples, the universal and specific features of such units are identified, emphasizing their cultural significance as markers of the linguistic worldview. Proper names are considered special elements of the linguistic system, integrated into it through formal, semantic, and pragmatic aspects, which complicates their translation and cultural interpretation. An analysis of the syntactic structures of phraseological units with anthroponyms revealed nine productive patterns, which can be grouped into four categories: nominative ("eine kokette Eva" – "a coquette"), verbal ("den alten Adam ausziehen" – "to become a different person"), adverbial ("im Adam(s)kost?m" – "in the nude"), and comparative ("wie ein h?lzerner Johannes" – "to stand like a statue"). Semantic analysis reveals the metaphorical nature of expressions, based on the characteristics of real or fictional individuals, the cultural context (variability in perception across regions of Germany), and the sociolinguistic aspect (dependence on social groups). Functionally, phraseological units with anthroponyms reflect gender, historical, and sociocultural realities, contributing to the enrichment of language and the understanding of cultural traditions. Examples such as "Hans im Gl?ck" (lucky one) or "jemandem einen B?ren aufbinden" (to deceive) illustrate connotations and references to German culture. The study's findings highlight the role of anthroponyms in shaping national identity and have potential applications in linguistics, cultural studies, and the teaching of German as a foreign language.

anthroponym, language, system, culture, semantics, analysis, structure