Features of the syntax of the New Testament translations in the aspect of studying folk Latin

the article is devoted to the study of the features of the language of the translations of the Synoptic Gospels into Latin in the aspect of comparative analysis with the features of the syntax of popular Latin. The main research methods are comparative and semantic-grammatical analysis. The study reveals that a significant portion of the translated Latin New Testament text, particularly its narrative sections, is a well-crafted literary translation that does not fully reflect the constructional features of spoken language. The Biblical New Testament Latin is still heavily influenced by semi-predicative constructions, which served as analogues of subordinate clauses in classical languages. When translating the Synoptic Gospels, participial and infinitive phrases, as well as gerundive constructions, are often used. Instead of explanatory clauses, including those with the meaning of indirect questions, semi-predicative infinitive constructions Accusativus cum infinitivo could be found. Gradually, in line with the general trend towards analyticity in Romance languages, infinitive phrases are being replaced by subordinate clauses. This process is not yet fully reflected in the language of the Vulgate texts. The translation of the Bible into Latin is often influenced by the Greek original text, which is reflected in the translation of certain phrases and subordinate constructions. Sometimes, even Greek subordinate clauses with real moods of the verb-сказуемое are translated into Latin with conjunctive forms, which is due to the analogizing influence of the frequency of syntactic models in the literary language. In contrast, the passages that convey Christ's sermons reflect the characteristics of vernacular speech, similar to those found in vernacular Latin, which partially supports the theory of the existence of the Protoevangelium text.

Vulgar Latin, Biblical Latin, syntax, Protoevangelium