Multilingualism and its role in modern societies: language as a means of integration and conflict

in the context of globalization, the phenomenon of multilingualism is becoming increasingly important as a factor of integration and interaction between different ethnic and social groups. Multilingualism promotes cultural exchange and mutual understanding, but at the same time it can become a source of conflict and social tension. The problem of the balance between dominant and minority languages remains relevant for modern multinational states, which determines the need to study the impact of globalization and migration processes on linguistic diversity. The study is based on an analysis of data on the language policy of various countries and examples of legislative initiatives reflecting the problems of the dominance of one language. Methods of comparative analysis of historical and socio-cultural precedents, as well as quantitative and qualitative approaches are applied to assess the influence of linguistic factors on intercultural communication and social stability. It has been revealed that multilingualism simultaneously acts as a mechanism of social integration and a factor capable of provoking conflicts. The predominance of one language in multiethnic societies leads to the infringement of linguistic rights of minorities and the intensification of interethnic contradictions. Examples from the history of the United States, Europe, and Russia show that an unbalanced language policy can lead to discrimination and cultural assimilation. At the same time, the development of multilingual educational programs, translation technologies and digital communications contributes to strengthening mutual understanding and preserving cultural diversity. Modern forms of state and personal multilingualism (on the example of Switzerland, Canada, India and the Russian Federation) demonstrate the possibilities of harmonious coexistence of languages under the condition of legal equality. Multilingualism is a key element of social dynamics, influencing the development of intercultural relations and the sustainability of society. To prevent language conflicts and preserve cultural heritage, a comprehensive language policy is needed to ensure the equality of all linguistic communities. Effective management of multilingualism is possible only if its integration potential and the priority of cultural dialogue over linguistic dominance are recognized.

language conflict, language of world communication, multilingualism, globalization, culture, diversity