Vol 2, No 1 (2021)

The paper offers a Russian translation of the portion of the “History of the philosophers” by Philodemus, available in two Herculaneum papyri (PHerc. 1021 and PHerc. 164), which deals with the history of the Old Academy (col. V–XVI, and some supplements). This important source, translated and commented in the article, highlights the most interesting biographical details of the heirs of Plato, Speusippus, Xenocrates, Polemo, Crates, and Crantor, whose activity ranges from 347 to 274 BCE.

The article deals with a fazzy variant of P.Martin-Löf’sintuitionistic type theory. It presents the overview of fuzzy type theory rules and an example of its application to the analysis of the persuasiveness of argumentation. In the latter, the truth values of fuzzy logic are interpreted as degrees of persuasiveness of statements and arguments. The formalization is implemented in the proof assistant Agda.

The paper analyzes the intellectual situation that developed in the 1920s, which led to what later became known as a philosophical split into two directions – continental and analytical philosophy. The author poses a problem: was this a split associated with the division of philosophy into scientifically oriented philosophy, on the one hand, and metaphysics, on the other? Or is this division quite controversial? Using the example of a famous episode, a philosophical discussion between Е. Cassirer and M. Heidegger in Davos in 1929, the author discusses another split in philosophy: into the so-called classical way of philosophizing based on spiritual tradition (represented by E. Cassirer) and the so-called non-classical, represented by M. Heidegger. In this regard, the topic of the development and overcoming of the neo-Kantian tradition, the topic of understanding the basic ideas of the philosophy of I. Kant, but in a new cultural situation is discussed. In his analysis, the author proceeds from the version proposed in the book by M. Friedman: “Philosophy at a Crossroads: Carnap, Cassirer and Heidegger”.

The author fixes the main trends associated with the study of the phenomena of ethnic identity and interethnic integration in social philosophy and identifies gaps that could be filled by expanding of their interpretation. It is recorded that in a significant part of the research, the phenomena are considered separately. Thus, ethnic identity is expressed as a one-dimensional parameter, part of the “identification matrix” of an individual. Studies devoted to interethnic integration are often aimed at identifying mechanisms for achieving an abstract desired image – a multiethnic community with a high degree of integration of its members, who clearly and most often unambiguously realize their ethnic identity. Despite the obvious interrelation of the phenomena under consideration, there are very few studies, dedicated to the influence of ethnic identity on interethnic integration. It is shown that it is important to rethink the phenomenon of ethnic identity in terms of its fluidity, multiplicity, fragmentation, non-reflection, complexity as a basis for the formation of ideas about strategies and ideas about acceptable for the individual mechanisms of interethnic integration. It is also relevant to study the influence of ethnic identity on the ideas of interethnic integration in the multiethnic communities of modern large cities.