Traditional games and competitions as an integral part of the Sakha people’s culture

materials and methods: The article examines traditional Yakut folk games and competitions as an integral part of cultural heritage and an effective means of physical education. Based on the analysis of 91 motor actions described in the works of N.K. Shamaev, A.S. Fedorov, V.I. Prokopenko, A.F. Pugacheva, and other scholars, a comprehensive classification of these games is proposed according to five criteria: biomechanical structure, manifestation of physical qualities, combination of qualities and competitiveness, type of activity, and positional characteristic (seated vs. dynamic). Results. The study reveals that Yakut games develop strength, endurance, agility, fine motor skills, spatial orientation, and social competencies. Particular emphasis is placed on the dual nature of these games—both active and seated – reflecting the practical orientation of traditional Yakut culture. The pedagogical potential of folk games for contemporary physical education systems is highlighted, as they contribute to preserving cultural identity and fostering well-rounded personal development. Conclusion. This research confirms the significance of traditional Yakut games and competitions as a unique component of cultural heritage and a powerful tool for physical, intellectual, and social development. The proposed comprehensive classification enables systematic organization of motor activities and reveals their pedagogical value. Integrating these traditional games into modern educational practices not only enhances physical health but also safeguards ethnocultural identity and promotes the formation of a harmoniously developed individual.

folk games, physical education, Sakha (Yakut) culture, Yakut competitions, motor skills, traditional pedagogy, Olonkho