Mechanisms of formation and consequences of gender stereotypes

The purpose of this article is to study the mechanisms of reproduction of gender stereotypes through family, educational and media institutions in European society at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century, their impact on women's lives in the context of modern socio-cultural changes. The study demonstrates that traditional biases embedded at the level of social institutions exert considerable influence on the distribution of social roles and interactions between the sexes. The relevance of this topic lies in identifying factors impeding full development of women in professional, educational, and personal domains, and developing measures to eliminate these barriers. The scientific novelty of the research resides in its systematic analysis of the mechanisms of reproducing gender stereotypes and assessing their impact on women's lives. This will enable the formulation of strategies to overcome stereotypes and create inclusive spaces for all social groups. The methodological basis of the study consists of theoretical-methodological approaches from philosophy and social psychology, enabling identification of the mechanisms underlying the formation of gender stereotypes. Special attention was given to empirical studies examining processes of socialization and the role of family, educational, and media institutions in fostering gender prejudices. The investigation revealed that gender stereotypes are deeply integrated into societal consciousness and negatively affect women's professional and personal growth. They lead to diminished self-esteem, choice of low-paid professions, and limited career aspirations. Formation of stereotypes begins during early childhood and continues through reinforcement by educational systems, mass media, and societal norms. The findings emphasize the necessity for critical reassessment of current practices regarding the creation of gender expectations and social roles. Recognizing the significance of women's contributions to society and ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all citizens is essential. Liberation from historical prejudices and stereotypes opens new horizons for the development of harmonious and equitable social relations.