Features of the perinatal period of children born to mothers with chronic viral hepatitis B: An observational study

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Abstract

Aim. To study the perinatal period of children born to mothers with chronic viral hepatitis B, identifying the leading risk factors contributing to the development of chronic HBV infection.

Materials and methods. An observational study was conducted involving 52 newborns with perinatal HBV exposure and their mothers. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the manifestation of chronic HBV infection. Group 1 included 23 patients with active chronic HBV infection, Group 2 included 29 children with perinatal HBV contact, and Group 3 (control group) included children born to healthy mothers. The duration of observation was 18±3 months. In children, weight, body length, Apgar score, and features of the neonatal period were assessed, comparing with the pregnancy course, and the birth period in mothers with chronic HBV infection. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the percentages in the analysis of multivariate contingency tables were compared using the Pearson χ2 test.

Results. The average body length of newborns in Group 1 was 1.5 cm less (p=0.891). At birth, patients in Group 1 (37.5%) had signs of mild asphyxia, which statistically significantly differed from children in Groups 2 and 3 (p1–2<0.001; p2–3<0.001). In the early neonatal period, Group 1 infants were significantly more likely to have congenital pneumonia (p1–2<0.001). A significantly lower number of pregnancies was noted in the group of women whose children subsequently developed chronic HBV infection (Group 1; p<0.008); no statistical difference was found in the method of delivery (p=0.564). During delivery, mothers from Group 1 significantly more often had their membranes opened, and 59% had an anhydrous interval of more than 12 hours.

Conclusion. The perinatal period in newborns who have developed chronic HBV infection due to vertical transmission was complicated by a lower body length, a significant decrease in the Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, and the development of congenital pneumonia. It was found that mothers with chronic HBV hepatitis had significantly lower number of pregnancies and their fetal membranes were more often opened during the delivery.

About the authors

Olesia V. Pervishko

Kuban State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ole-pervishko@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1083-2807

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.

Russian Federation, Krasnodar

Evgeniia I. Bryksina

Rostov State Medical University

Email: ole-pervishko@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3495-3435

D. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Irina N. Zakharova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: ole-pervishko@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4200-4598

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.

Russian Federation, Moscow

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