The evolution of youth policy strategy in Russia: from paternalism to partnership and self-organization

this article analyzes the evolution of youth policy strategy in Russia; from pre-revolutionary and Soviet paternalism to contemporary forms of institutional partnership and self-organization. The study is based on a diachronic, historical, and institutional analysis, integrating legislative, sociological, and psychological sources, in order to understand the transformation of the role and function of youth in Russian society. The study identifies three consistent models: the paternalistic model, characterized by hierarchical control and low youth autonomy; the institutional model, based on the formalization of structures and the gradual recognition of youth as potential social actors; and the partnership model, which promotes social projects co-construction, active participation in society’s life, and self-organization. The results demonstrate that youth policy modernization relies on a combination of institutional support, cross-sector partnerships, and individual empowerment, enabling young people to actively participate in local and national development. The study also highlights the central role of youth organizations and associative movements in structuring social practices, civic innovation, and the formation of social capital. Finally, this research provides a theoretical and methodological basis for developing public policies adapted to contemporary sociocultural and economic transformations, strengthening social cohesion while simultaneously developing the skills and independence of the younger generation.

youth, public policy, paternalism, partnership, self-organization, institutions, civic participation, social modernization, Russia