The "Asianization" of the world order as a challenge to the Westphalian model

The Russian and international scholars have reached a unanimous agreement on the findings regarding the crisis of global governance and the transformation of the contemporary international order. The article focuses on the views of non-Western and illiberal actors in relation to the present and future world order. Most of them take a critical position on the modern world order, which, in the wake of the victory over fascism, has become a natural enlargement of European democratic ideas about the supremacy of international law and human rights, sovereignty, and multilateralism. The rise of non-Western countries and illiberal political systems has challenged the dominance of Western civilization, particularly the Westphalian model of world order, in this instance. The article presents the views of both Russian and foreign authors, with a particular emphasis on the perspective of Amitav Acharya. He sees the future world order as a complex, or "multiplex", system that preserves cultural, ideological, and political diversity. The article proves that illiberal actors will act within the framework of the Westphalian World Order in order to diminish Eurocentric approaches to the priority of international law, international norms, multilateralism, human rights, state sovereignty, and others. This may lead to a weakening of the role of global multilateral institutions in international regulation and to an increase in the fragmentation of the world order. Regional actors can take the initiative to create a more stable and cooperative world order.