Lung anatomy: the effect of smoking on the development of emphysema

the lungs are a paired parenchymal organ of the respiratory system that provides gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood. Their morphology is optimized to perform key functions: ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion of gases. The elasticity of the parenchyma and surfactant allow them to stretch on inspiration and return to their original state on exhalation without damage. The pressure in the capillaries (~10 mmHg) maintains a balance between plasma filtration (preventing edema) and gas exchange [1]. Pulmonary emphysema, characterized by the destruction of the alveolar septa and the formation of "air traps", is an irreversible component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is the leading modifiable risk factor for developing emphysema. However, the relationship between the intensity of smoking, the time of manifestation of symptoms and the subjective assessment of their reversibility remains insufficiently studied. This study, based on an analysis of a survey of 110 respondents, reveals non-obvious patterns, including the phenomenon of "early start" symptoms and cognitive dissonance in risk assessment.

lung anatomy, smoking, emphysema, COPD