Environmental human rights: concept, current state and some issues of business responsibility for their violation

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Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of environmental human rights as a key element of interaction between the international environmental law and human rights law. The subject of the study is the interaction of human rights and environmental interests. The theoretical foundations of the formation of environmental rights, their procedural and substantive aspects, and their enforcement in international and national legal systems are considered. Three approaches to legal enforcement of environmental human rights are discussed: implementation of existing norms, revision of international standards and adoption of new international obligations. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the current state of legal regulation of environmental rights, identify key problems of their implementation and search for optimal ways to strengthen them. To achieve this goal, the comparative legal method is used, analysing normative acts, judicial practice and international documents. Examples are given from the practice of regional bodies for the protection of human rights, as well as norms of national constitutions regulating environmental rights. The results of the work include a systematisation of environmental rights. Contemporary challenges are discussed, including the liability of business for violations of environmental rights and the role of specialised environmental courts. The novelty of the study lies in proposing a coherent approach to strengthening environmental human rights, starting with the improvement of implementation mechanisms and ending with the creation of new international obligations. It is concluded that a comprehensive approach to the protection of environmental rights is needed, including international co-operation, national legislation and business participation. The results obtained can be used for the development of international and national legal acts, as well as in the practical activities of lawyers, state bodies and civil society organisations.

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