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Том 8, № 2 (2018)
- Год: 2018
- Статей: 2
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2634-8276/issue/view/13575
Article
Determination of Sodium in Blood
Аннотация
Human blood is tested in clinical diagnostic laboratories for numerous indicators. One of these indicators is the concentration of sodium. The review presents a chronological development of methods for determining the concentration of sodium in plasma, serum, and whole blood, based on different analytical methods such as flame photometry, potentiometry, ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, gravimetry, and titrimetry. A brief overview of these methods and the results of comparative tests are given. Currently, potentiometric procedures for determining the concentration of sodium in plasma, serum, and whole blood are the most widespread in small, medium, and large clinical diagnostic laboratories. Flame photometric procedures often act as expert methods. Ion chromatography is mainly used in research organizations, while gravimetric and titrimetric procedures are rarely used at present.
197-222
Silica Materials for Biomedical Applications in Drug Delivery, Bone Treatment or Regeneration, and MRI Contrast Agent
Аннотация
In recent years, the biomedical research using variety of silica materials has shown an outstanding growth. The silica-based materials are playing a major role to harnessing dual or multiple modalities in therapeutics and diagnostics. The unique and favourable physico-chemical characteristics of mesoporous silica nanoparticles are increasingly attracting the researchers to utilise them into various fields of biomedical research. Apart from the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, a range of other silica-based materials have also been applied quite extensively in the biomedical research. This article presents a brief overview of three particular areas of biomedical applications where a broad range of silica-based materials have been covered: (1) variety of drug delivery including intracellular drug delivery systems using silica-based carriers; (2) applications of silica materials as bone grafts or implants for bone disease treatment and bone regeneration; and (3) development of silica-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance image enhancement. Biocompatibility, bio-toxicity, tissue responses, cellular uptakes, and, how the effects of size, shape, morphology, structural and textural properties of the silica materials impact on their utilities are discussed. Perspectives, insights and critical reflections into a range of aspects are illustrated.
223-241