Public law regulation in the field of biomedicine in the Republic of Poland

The article presents the legal basis for the regulation of biomedical activities in the Republic of Poland. The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the medical profession by analyzing the laws defining the legal status of different groups of medical workers. A special law is devoted to the legal status of the patient and the medical chamber. The self-regulatory organization unites all medical workers on a professional basis, it is also responsible for admission to the profession and control over professional activities. Special attention is paid to the Law of July 1, 2005 on the collection, storage and transplantation of cells, tissues and organs. It is concluded that the legal regime of some technologies is defined for the future as a medical experiment. The status of biobanks is defined. Peculiarities of legal regulation of donation of human organs (tissues, cells) are shown. It is noted that in the Republic of Poland a conservative approach is formed on many “sensitive” biomedical problems (due to a noticeable influence of religious ethics formed by the Roman Catholic Church). This applies, in particular, to the legal regulation of artificial termination of pregnancy. The article presents a general analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, in which Poland was found guilty of human rights violations.