Four Words for “Earth” in the Poetic Edda and their Parallels in Old Germanic Languages

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to carefully analyse four words denoting earth in the Poetic Edda, including analysing from the perspective of etymology, and to examine whether they and their parallels have continuants (descendant words) in modern Scandinavian, English and German languages. The approaches used by the author are semasiological approach, contextual analysis and etymological analysis. The material of the research includes four Old Icelandic nouns: jörð, land, grund and bjöð. As a result, some typical contexts are found, in which these words are used in the eddic poems, as well as the conclusion about the preservation of the continuants of the analysed words and their Old Germanic cognates in modern Germanic languages is drawn.

About the authors

Anna Dmitrievna Kazachkova

Moscow State Linguistic University; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: anna.kazachkova99@gmail.com

Lecturer at the Department of Scandinavian, Dutch and Finnish Languages, Moscow State Linguistic University; PhD Student at the Department of Germanic and Celtic Philology, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Russian Federation

References

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  3. Gvozdetskaya, N. Yu. (2020). Beowulf in Russia. The language of the Old English heroic epic in Russian literary translation. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. «Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies» Series, 9, 226–239.
  4. Toporova, T. V. (2015). Epic word: the designations of water in the Poetic Edda. Moscow: Tezaurus. (In Russ.).
  5. Kazachkova, A. D. (2024). Words for ‘sea’ in the Poetic Edda and their parallels in Old Germanic languages. Studia Germanica, Romanica et Comparatistica, 20–4(66), 14–24. (In Russ.)
  6. Toporova, T. V. (2011). Epic word: the designations of earth and heaven in the Poetic Edda. Moscow: Tezaurus. (In Russ.).
  7. Steblin-Kamenskii, M. I. (1963). Notes. Starshaya Edda. Ed. by M. I. Steblin-Kamenskii. Moscow, Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo akademii nauk SSSR. (In Russ.).
  8. Bugge, S. (1881–1889). Studier over de nordiske gude- og heltesagns oprindelse = Studies of the origin of the Norse Mythological and Heroic poems. Christiania: A. Cammermeyer. (In Danish).
  9. Sturtevant, A. M. (1941). Some Etymologies of Old Norse Poetic Words. Scandinavian Studies, 16(6), 220–225.

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