Theoretical and practical aspects of the green and low-carbon economy: a comparative study

the article presents a comparative analysis of the theoretical foundations of green and low-carbon economies in the context of the evolution of the sustainable development paradigm. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to develop scientifically sound approaches to the implementation of sustainable development principles in the face of a growing global environmental crisis. The main purpose is to provide a clear and structured overview of the differences similarities of green and low-carbon economies, as well as to determine the potential of each concept in solving global challenges of our time. Methods: The study employs analysis and synthesis as its primary research methods. It is based on a comparative assessment of various approaches to defining the concepts of the "green" and low-carbon economy, as presented by international organizations and scholars. The comparative analysis was conducted according to the following criteria: key aspects, principles, tools, and areas of application. Findings: The results of the study indicate that the green economy is characterized by a wider range of coverage. It includes not only the environmental, but also the social and economic components of sustainable development. The low-carbon economy, in turn, focuses primarily on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the differences, both concepts have common features. They are based on the principles of sustainability, justice and inclusiveness. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that green and low-carbon economy should be considered complementary approaches. Conclusions: The findings of this study can be utilized in the development of sustainable development strategies and programs at the national and regional levels, as well as contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of green and low-carbon economies in addressing global challenges.

sustainable development, green economy, low-carbon economy, greenhouse gases, environment, energy sources, natural resources, climate change