The evolution of the Semantic Web technologies: problems and prospects

The article is devoted to the consideration of key Semantic Web technologies, the analysis of their features, problematic aspects and growth points, which seems especially relevant in the context of import substitution and improving national information security. Special attention is paid to RDF graphs, which are based on an ontology-oriented approach, as well as the OWL language as the main tool for organizing machine-readable data structures with complex relationships between entities, a hierarchy of classes and properties. Attention is also paid to the limitations associated with the security of semantic databases, the need for their simplification, standardization and development of specialized software that meets usability criteria are analyzed. In addition, the prospects for further improvement of these technologies in the context of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are outlined. The article uses a comprehensive methodological framework, which implies the use of mainly general scientific methods, in particular, systematic and analytical. The article summarizes and analyzes current developments related to the Semantic Web technologies, which made it possible to identify a number of problems that need to be solved. First of all, the tools available today often have a high entry threshold, are characterized by an excessively complex, featureless interface without functions of complementary prompts and query visualization. Moreover, the Semantic Web languages need standardization and the introduction of a common protocol in order to simplify the process of working with multiformat data aggregated from different sources. Other important issues are ensuring the reliability and relevance of information, its integrity and confidentiality, as well as the contextual conditionality of logical conclusions and compliance with user requests. Among the key prospects is the creation of an intelligent autonomous environment in which devices can freely exchange data and interact with each other at the semantic level in order to provide high-quality personalized services. The provisions of the article can be taken as a basis for the development of domestic systems for structuring and describing data available for machine processing, as well as specialized lecture courses in higher education institutions.

semantic web, ontologies, graph databases, data models, semantic web of things, RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL, XML