The development of the prohibition of warfare in the religious movements of the Middle Ages

The subject of this study is the consideration of the prohibition of warfare in various religious movements during the Middle Ages. The author has chosen such confessional movements as Christianity and Islam for analysis. Special attention is devoted to the study of theological literature to substantiate the position on the differences between war and aggression. Thus, the author notes that at all stages of historical development, people sought to limit violence, including such a legalized form of it as war, because violence contradicts the nature of human civilization. At the same time, the religious movements under consideration have always had features that characterize the war as justified and just. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the correct interpretation of the term "war" and "aggression" at the present time, as well as determining the evolution of the prohibition of warfare, a comprehensive review of the formation of the institution of war in religious movements of the Middle Ages is conducted by the author using such methods as historical, formal dogmatic, comparative, as well as methods of analysis and induction. The main conclusions of this study are that just war and aggressive war are two opposite concepts that represent an important aspect of international relations and the rule of law. Within the framework of the moral foundations and principles of a just war, there is a certain system for assessing the legality and moral permissibility of military action. An important aspect here is the compliance of the war with certain criteria, such as necessity, proportionality, inadmissibility of violations of human rights and the principles of humanity. All denominations opposed aggressive wars, and paid special attention to the classifications of the causes of wars in order to establish their justice. The author's special contribution to this study is to turn to foreign theological sources, as well as to the philosophy of canon law for a more detailed consideration of the relevant topic.

aggressive war, history of law, theory of law, war, prohibition of war, waging war, Canon law, philosophy of law, theology, crime