Digital currencies in the system of objects of legal relations

The subject of the study is the change in the policy of the Central Bank of Russia towards digital currencies, which resulted in the introduction of an experimental legal regime for their use in the field of international settlements. The legislative classification of cryptocurrencies as property has once again raised the issue of the place of digital currencies in the system of property relations. The digitalization of all spheres of public life has led to the transformation of the entire Russian legal system. The most debated and unresolved issue remains the legal regime of digital currencies in Romano-German law. The article provides a comparative analysis of the features of cryptocurrency, fixed by law, with its essential characteristics and features of other objects of civil rights: things, money, rights of obligations, digital rights. The similarity of cryptocurrencies with disembodied things is being investigated. A comprehensive methodological approach was used in the study of the existing scientific controversy. Based on analysis of the current legislation, as well as a comparative analysis of the legal regimes of various types of property, a conclusion is drawn about the specific nature of digital currency and the need to consolidate it in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as an independent object of rights. The article is the first comprehensive study determining the place of digital currencies in civil legislation, conducted taking into account the changes In the Tax Code, which entered into force on January 1, 2025, the authors examined the positions of both Russian and foreign scientists conducting research on various legal systems. The current regulatory legal acts are examined and the incorrectness of the formulations used is pointed out. According to the results of the analysis, it is noted that it is impossible to fully attribute digital currency to the list of objects of property relations fixed in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it is concluded that it is necessary to expand the list of objects of civil rights contained in Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and an author's edition of this article is proposed.

digital currency, cryptocurrency, property, digital rights, disembodied thing, rights of obligations, object of law, monetary funds, electronic money, property rights