Monuments of industrial heritage placed under state protection in the Bashkir and Udmurt ASSR (1960-1980s): quantitative and qualitative data

The object of the study is the monuments of industrial heritage placed under state protection in the Bashkir and Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics in the 1960-1980s. The subject is their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, a comparative analysis of which is the purpose of this article. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the lack of research within the framework of which an analysis of all historical and cultural monuments of the Bashkir and Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics would be carried out with the identification of objects related to the industrial heritage in their mass. The research methodology is represented by general scientific methods, among which the most important are the classification method, statistical method and data visualization method. Among the special historical methods, historical-typological and historical-comparative methods were used. The author comes to the conclusion that during the 1960-1980s on the territory of the Bashkir and Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, 15 and 8 industrial heritage sites were placed under state protection, respectively. Most of them were located in cities and regions associated with industrial production: in Bashkiria these are areas of metallurgy, oil production and oil refining, and in Udmurtia - the city of Izhevsk, famous for its weapons production. In the total number of monuments of the industrial heritage of the Urals placed under state protection by 1991, the contribution of Bashkiria and Udmurtia amounted to 20.3%. The analysis of all objects according to their functions revealed that almost half of them can be classified as “production centers”, which is quite consistent with the essence of the scientific definition of the concept of “industrial heritage”. By the end of 1991, out of 23 industrial heritage sites placed under state protection, only 2 monuments had undergone full or partial museumification.

industrial heritage, monument, factories, industry, state security, regulations, Bashkir ASSR, Udmurt ASSR, Urals, museumification