No 4 (2025)

The article is dedicated to the study of the problem of legalizing the stay of foreign citizens (stateless persons) in Russia without having a minimal level of proficiency in the Russian language, knowledge of Russian history, and the basics of Russian legislation. The topic is relevant due to the fact that uninformed newcomers are unable to socialize within Russian society, exacerbate the criminal situation, and pose a threat to national security. There is no consensus in legal literature regarding the solution to this issue. The subject of the study consists of the provisions of a number of legal acts regarding the regulation of the exam process in Russian language, Russian history, and the basics of Russian legislation, as well as the circulation of certificates confirming knowledge and skills. Special attention is given to legal acts that establish the technical parameters for the security level of certificate forms. The key research methods used were analysis and formal-legal methods. The first allowed for the examination of various scientific approaches to improving the exam process and the circulation of certificates, while the second involved studying legislation and formulating the author's opinions and conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the fact that it illustrates the current state of legal regulation regarding migrants' obligation to confirm their proficiency in the Russian language, knowledge of Russian history, and the basics of Russian legislation. Based on the research findings, the author suggests replacing certificates with statements featuring a unique two-dimensional barcode (QR code). To prevent dishonesty during the examination process, there is an opinion on the necessity of selecting the chairperson of the examination commission from external state institutions. Each candidate should be coordinated with the territorial office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The chairperson of the commission should be tasked with drafting a conclusion regarding compliance with the procedure at the end of each meeting. The quality of knowledge and skill assessments can be enhanced by unifying the organizational and methodological principles of conducting tests.

The subject of the study is the international legal foundations for the formation of the system of administrative legal and international legal regulations that provide food security. In particular, such international documents as the Rome Declaration "On World Food Security" adopted in 2009 and the Convention "On Food Assistance", which entered into force in 1999, are analyzed. In the article, the author notes the obvious advancement of legal policy on food security issues in the Rome Declaration. Significant flaws in the document are revealed. The provisions of the Declaration are general in nature and do not disclose administrative and financial mechanisms for ensuring food security. The 1999 Convention became a more elaborated and detailed document, it consolidated the creation of its own executive body, the Committee on Food Aid. The research methods were such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, and the comparative legal method was also used in the work. Currently, the issues of administrative and legal provision of food security in the international aspect have not been studied properly. The international situation is constantly changing, while the topic of providing high-quality food to the population remains relevant. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the Rome Declaration did not disclose the principles of interaction between the executive authorities of the signatory countries, and did not prescribe the processes of attracting private capital to solve food crises of those in need. The 1999 Convention on Food Aid also has significant gaps: there is no clarity in the procedure for submitting applications from countries for assistance, it is not prescribed how to determine which country needs food aid, to what extent, control and auditing bodies have not been established. The Act does not provide for any joint activity of the executive bodies of the participating countries in solving the tasks set out in it. In the conclusion of the study, the author concludes that the 1999 Convention on Food Aid is invalid.

The subject of this study is the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of customs value control, which includes legal norms, legal relations, acts of application of law and methods of legal regulation. The authors consider these elements in relation to customs value control, since this legal institution has not received adequate coverage in the research of legal scholars, while the customs value has been covered in detail in the works of economists. Over the past decade, the vector of administrative and legal regulation of the customs sphere has included several main areas: the development of foreign trade, ensuring the economic security of the state, creating favorable conditions for foreign economic activity by persons initiating the movement of goods across the customs border of the EAEU and subjects of activity in the field of customs affairs, strengthening the role of a method of stimulating the conscientious behavior of subjects of customs law who do not have authority in traditionally imperative customs relations. The main element that forms the basis of customs and tariff regulation is such an economic and legal category as the customs value. The scientific article was developed on the basis of a system of general scientific and private scientific methods. When writing the article, the logical method, the method of deduction and induction, the method of system-structural analysis, the comparative legal method, and the method of content analysis were used. The authors have established that the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of customs value control is a system of legal means regulated by customs law aimed at ensuring the economic security of the state and the completeness of customs duties collection. Scientific research is an attempt to understand the legal nature of customs value control, which generates appropriate administrative and legal relations and is a necessary element of ensuring the economic security of the state. The necessity of further scientific research of the administrative and legal regulation of the control of the customs value of goods has been identified, and the importance of customs value as the basis of customs and tariff regulation, and customs value control as one of the key types of customs control, has been substantiated.