The role of chronic tonsillitis in the recurrent pregnancy loss of immune origin
- Authors: Filipeva P.V.1, Svistushkin V.M.1, Kiryushchenkov P.A.2, Zolotova A.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
- Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
- Issue: Vol 25, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 40-44
- Section: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2410-3764/article/view/291086
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35693/AVP641662
- ID: 291086
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic tonsillitis (CT) varies from 5 to 12%. Against the background of CT, a large number of disorders are formed, including in the reproductive system. Among the problems of practical obstetrics, spontaneous miscarriages account for 10 to 20% of cases. Unexplained reproductive losses can have immunological causes including those associated with CT. Approximately 20% of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have elevated serum levels of autoantibodies with a predominant predominance of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). There is a neuro-reflex mechanism of the influence of CT on the formation of associated pathology. The afferent connections of the palatine tonsils with the most important subcortical formations, in particular with the structures of the posterior subcortical region of the hypothalamus, have been studied – they are the first to react to antigens. Infectious agents play a key role in the genesis of APLA formation, since they have molecular mimicry. The molecular mimicry of bacteria and viruses in relation to anti-β2HP1 is the main mechanism by which pathogens induce the synthesis of these antibodies in genetically predisposed patients.
The palatine tonsils play an important role in initiating an immune response against antigens. It should be recognized that the condition of the palatine tonsils in patients with immunological causes of infertility is underestimated in modern clinical practice.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Polina V. Filipeva
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: polinafilipevavik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-0606-1774
postgraduate student of the Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine
Russian Federation, MoscowValerii M. Svistushkin
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Email: svistushkin_v_m@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1257-9879
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine
Russian Federation, MoscowPetr A. Kiryushchenkov
Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Email: kirulab@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1459-8038
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, obstetrician-gynecologist, Head of the course of clinical hemostasiology
Russian Federation, MoscowAnna V. Zolotova
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Email: zolotova_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3700-7367
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- Kryukov AI, Krechina EK, Tovmasyan AS, et al. Chronic tonsillitis and periodontal diseases. Russian Bulletin f Otorhinolaryngology. 2023;88(1):27-34. [Крюков А.И., Кречина Е.К., Товмасян А.С., и др. Хронический тонзиллит и заболевания пародонта. Вестник оториноларингологии. 2023;88(1):27-34]. doi: 10.17116/otorino20228801127
- Kostić M, Ivanov M, Babić SS, et al. Analysis of tonsil tissues from patients diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis – microbiological profile, biofilm-forming capacity and histology. Antibiotics. 2022;11(12):174. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11121747
- Costa HJZR, Di Francesco RC, Giancoli SM, et al. Tonsillotomy by a Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser: A New Technique in the Treatment of Chronic Tonsillitis. J Lasers Med Sci. 2022;13:e51. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2022.51
- Zavalii MA, Kedrovskii DM, Orel AN, et al. Comorbid conditions in patients with chronic tonsillitis. Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2022;21(6):44-53. [Завалий М.А., Кедровский Д.М., Орел А.Н., и др. Коморбидные состояния у пациентов с хроническим тонзиллитом. Российская оториноларингология. 2022;21(6):44-53. doi: 10.18692/1810-4800-2022-6-44-53
- Bohr C, Shermetaro C. Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023. PMID: 30725627
- Karpishchenko SA, Lavrenova GV, Baranskaya SV. Tonsillitis and tonsillogenic conditions. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2016;81(4):69-71. [Карпищенко С.А., Лавренова Г.В., Баранская С.В. Тонзиллит и тонзиллогенные заболевания. Вестник оториноларингологии. 2016;81(4):69-71]. doi: 10.17116/otorino201681469-71
- Shishkunova TM. Modern methods of diagnosis and conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis. Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2022;21(3):96-111. [Шишкунова Т.М. Современные методы диагностики и консервативного лечения хронического тонзиллита. Российская оториноларингология. 2022;21(3):96-111]. doi: 10.18692/1810-4800-2022-3-96-111
- Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary. Head and Neck Surgery. 2019;160(2):187-205. doi: 10.1177/0194599818807917
- Khakimov A, Gaibullaeva G. Effects of chronic tonsillitis on the female reproductive system. Stomatologiya. 2014;3-4:113-117. [Хакимов А., Гайбуллаева Г. Влияние хронического тонзиллита на женскую репродуктивную систему. Стоматология. 2014;3-4:113-117]. URL: https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/stomatologiya/article/view/3266
- Carp H. Recurrent pregnancy loss: causes, controversies and treatment: Series in maternal-fetal medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. ISBN 9781138325654
- Mol BW, Tjon-Kon-Fat R, Kamphuis E, van Wely M, et al. Unexplained infertility: Is it over-diagnosed and over-treated? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;53:20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006
- Sadeghi MR. Unexplained infertility, the controversial matter in management of infertile couples. J Reprod Infertil. 2015;16(1):1-2. PMID: 25717428
- Ehsani M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mirzakhani M, et al. Female Unexplained Infertility: A Disease with Imbalanced Adaptive Immunity. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences. 2019;12(4):274-282. doi: 10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_30_19
- Wu H-M, et al. Immune Tolerance of Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy: The Role of Human Decidual Stromal Cell- and Embryonic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(21):13382. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113382
- Male V. Medawar and the immunological paradox of pregnancy: in context. Oxford Open Immunology. 2021;2(1):iqaa006. doi: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa006
- Petroff MG, Nguyen SL, Ahn SH. Fetalplacental antigens and the maternal immune system: Reproductive immunology comes of age. Immunological Reviews. 2022;308(1):25-39. doi: 10.1111/imr.13090
- Moffett A, Shreeve N. Local immune recognition of trophoblast in early human pregnancy: controversies and questions. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2023;23(4):222-235. doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00777-2
- Cormick G, Betrán APilar, Ciapponi A, et al. Inter-pregnancy interval and risk of recurrent pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Health. 2016;13(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0197-x
- Roepke ER, Christiansen OB, Källén K, Stefan R. Women with a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Are a High-Risk Population for Adverse Obstetrical Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(2):179. doi: 10.3390/jcm10020179
- Wind M, Fierro JJ, Bloemenkamp KWM, et al. Pregnancy outcome predictors in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Rheumatol. 2024;6(10):e667-e683. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(24)00160-7
- Scarrone M, Canti V, Vanni VS, et al. Treating unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss based on lessons learned from obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and inherited thrombophilia: A propensity-score adjusted retrospective study. J Reprod Immunol. 2022:154:103760. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103760
- Grandone E, Tiscia GL, Mastroianno M, et al. Findings from a multicentre, observational study on reproductive outcomes in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: the OTTILIA registry. Observational Study Hum Reprod. 2021;36(8):2083-2090. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deab153
- Anunciación-Llunell A, Muñoz C, Roggenbuck D, et al. Differences in Antiphospholipid Antibody Profile between Patients with Obstetric and Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:12819. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112819
- Stanisavljevic N, Stojanovich L, Djokovic A, et al. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:12309. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012309
- Sammaritano LR. Antiphospholipid syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2020;34:101463. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.101463
- Intzes S, Symeonidou M, Zagoridis K, et al. Hold your needles in women with recurrent pregnancy losses with or without hereditary thrombophilia: Meta-analysis and review of the literature. Meta-Analysis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2021;50(4):101935. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101935
- Ouchi N, Takeshita T, Kasano S, et al. Effects of Thrombophilia and Antithrombotic Therapy on Embryonic Chromosomal Aberration Rates in Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. J Nippon Med Sch. 2022;89(1):40-46. doi: 10.1272/jnms. JNMS.2022_89-103
- Alijotas-Reig J, Esteve-Valverde E, Ferrer-Oliveras R, et al. The European Registry on Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome (EUROAPS): A survey of 1000 consecutive cases. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18:406-414. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.12.006
- Saccone G, Berghella V, Maruotti GM, et al. Antiphospholipid antibody profile based obstetric outcomes of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216:e1-e12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.01.026
- Walter IJ, Haneveld MJK, Lely AT, et al. Pregnancy outcome predictors in antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20:102901. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102901
- Marchetti T, Moerloose P, Gris JC. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of severe and non-severe pre-eclampsia: The NOHA case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2016;14:675-684. doi: 10.3390/jcm10102094
- Pleguezuelo DE, Cabrera-Marante O, Abad M, et al. Anti-Phosphatidylserine/Prothrombin Antibodies in Healthy Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. J Clin Med. 2021;10:2094. doi: 10.3390/jcm10102094
- Chighizola CB, Sciascia S, Andreoli L, Meroni Pier Luigi. Beyond current concepts in anti-phospholipid syndrome: The 16th International Congress on Anti-phospholipid Antibodies (ICAPA) in Manchester. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(9):102615. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102615
- Raschi E, Borghi MO, Tedesco F, at al. Antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis in 2023: an update of new mechanisms or just a reconsideration of the old ones? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024;63(SI):SI4-SI13. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead603
- De Luca F, Shoenfeld Y. The microbiome in autoimmune diseases. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 2019;195(1):74-85. doi: 10.1111/cei.13158
- Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. 2019;160(2):187-205. doi: 10.1177/0194599818807917
- Perekrest SV, Gavrilov YuV, Abramova TV, et al. Activation of cells of hypothalamic structures with the introduction of antigens of various nature (by the c-Fos expression). Medical Immunology (Russia). 2006;8(5-6):631-636. [Перекрест С.В., Гаврилов Ю.В., Абрамова Т.В., и др. Активация клеток гипоталамических структур при введении антигенов различной природы (по экспрессии c-Fos гена). Медицинская иммунология. 2006;8(5-6):631-636]. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2006-5-6-631-636
- Matalygina OA. The brain’s immune system. protection and control. Medicine: Theory and Practice. 2021;5(4):21-26. [Маталыгина О.А. Иммунная система мозга. Защита и управление. Медицина: теория и практика. 2021;5(4):21-26]. URL: https://ojs3.gpmu.org/index.php/med-theory-and-practice/article/view/2560
- Degtyareva EA. Pathogenesis issues and new approaches to diagnostics of metatonsillar pathology in chronic tonsillitis in children. M., 2019. (In Russ.). [Дегтярева Е.А. Вопросы патогенеза и новые подходы к диагностике метатонзиллярной патологии при хроническом тонзиллите у детей. М., 2019].
- Wei L, MacDonald T, Shimi S. Association between appendicectomy in females and subsequent pregnancy rate: a cohort study. Fertility and Sterility. 2012;98(2):401-405. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.016
- Wei L, Macdonald TM, Shimi SM. Appendicectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate: a cohort study. Annals of Surgery. 2012;256(6):1039-1044. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182766250
- Wei L, MacDonald T, Shimi S. Association between prior appendectomy and/or tonsillectomy in women and subsequent pregnancy rate: a cohort study. Fertility and Sterility. 2016;106(5):1150-1156. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.023
- Kato A, Hulse KE, Tan BK, et al. B-lymphocyte lineage cells and the respiratory system. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(4):933-957. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.023
- Andreu-Ballester JC, Pérez-Griera J, Ballester F, et al. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) deficiency in serum of patients with GALTectomy (appendectomy and tonsillectomy). Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.). 2007;123(3):289-297. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.02.004
- Wu M-C, Ma Kevin S-K, Wang Yu-H, et al. Impact of tonsillectomy on irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(9):e0238242. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238242
- Byars SG, Stearns SC, Boomsma JJ. Association of Long-Term Risk of Respiratory, Allergic, and Infectious Diseases with Removal of Adenoids and Tonsils in Childhood. JAMA. 2018;144(7):594-603. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.007
- Ji J, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Tonsillectomy associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases: A national cohort study. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2016;72:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.007
- Xiong H-F, Wang B, Zhaо Z-H, et al. Tonsillectomy and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2016;18(5):145-153. doi: 10.1111/codi.13323
- Sun W, Han X, Wu S, Yang Ch. Tonsillectomy and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2016;31(6):1085-1094. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13273
- Sun L-M, Chen H-Ju, Li Tsai-Chung, et al. A nationwide population-based cohort study on tonsillectomy and subsequent cancer incidence. The Laryngoscope. 2015;125(1):134-139. doi: 10.1002/lary.24864
Supplementary files
