On the family of transdisciplinary research and its actual structure

The object of this study is modern scientific knowledge, within which, starting from the mid-20th century, there has been an unusual trend developing. Unexpectedly, atypical research that breaks the disciplinary boundaries of classical sciences began to be consistently formed. Recently, they have been categorized as "transdisciplinary." Among the well-known directions of such scientific inquiry are primarily: cybernetic research, systemic and synergetic studies, work within the framework of universal evolutionism, and others. Each of them is associated with the study of some specific "universal" phenomena—properties and regularities of reality. "Universality" in this case means that such properties and regularities are inherent to natural inorganic, organic, and social systems (for example, properties of symmetry; regularities of self-organization). The problem with this new area of scientific inquiry is that such research has long been divided. Thus, the emergence of a whole family of such studies has not yet been noticed, and the new trend has not been explored in its actual fullness. The study employs methods such as analysis, generalization, systematization, comparative method, and analogy method. A new language has been developed specifically for the discussed area of scientific knowledge. The novelty of the research lies in the formation and clarification of a complete picture of contemporary transdisciplinary studies. Some of these studies have not yet been considered at all by the philosophy of science. The actual family of these studies is divided here for the first time into several groups: "generally acknowledged," "shadow systematic," and "shadow particular." New studies are distinctly and unequivocally recorded for the first time using a recently created special unambiguous language. All of this enhances the understanding of what is happening in scientific knowledge. In the future, this basis may allow for the transfer of knowledge from one scientific field to another, less developed one, as well as the discovery of new phenomena. New questions also arise, for example, about what hidden uniformity of reality is revealed and studied by such research?

Wiener, system, symmetry, oscillations, extremum, Fibonacci, Philosophy of Science, Kudrin, cybernetics, synergetics