The influence of the ideas of Lao Tzu, Sun Tzu and Shen Buhai on the formation of management practices in ancient China

The subject of this article is the principles of management formulated on the basis of ancient Chinese philosophy and psychology, as well as their difference from European management models. The paper explores how the ideas of such thinkers as Lao Tzu, Sun Tzu and Shen Buhai influenced the formation of management practices in ancient China. Special attention is paid to the Taoist approach, which is based on the principles of "non-action" and the hidden influence of the leader, which is opposed to the European traditions of demonstrating power through public events. The article also analyzes how these philosophical approaches can be relevant in the modern world, especially in the context of intercultural interactions and globalization. The study shows that Chinese management principles can contribute to the development of flexible and effective management models adapted to the cultural characteristics of different regions. The research methodology is based on a comparative historical analysis of the philosophical and psychological principles of management in the Chinese and European traditions. The approach of analyzing ancient Chinese treatises is used. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comparative analysis of the principles of management in the Chinese and European traditions, which is rarely covered in modern management science. Special attention is paid to the Taoist concept of "non-action" and the hidden influence of the leader, which is opposed to Western models based on the demonstration of power through public actions. The article shows that Chinese management ideas, despite their ancient origins, have significant value today, especially in the context of globalization and growing interest in alternative approaches to management. The conclusions emphasize the relevance of applying the philosophical foundations of Taoism to create a harmonious, nonviolent management style in modern organizations, which can help improve the effectiveness and adaptability of leadership, as well as reduce tension and conflict in work processes.

management principles, Chinese philosophy, guide, management philosophy, Tao te Ching, implicit guidance, management, Han Fei-tzu, The Art of War, Shen Buhai