No 10 (2025)

The article examines the role of a city-forming enterprise in the social development of a modern resort city. The key social functions of a city-forming enterprise are identified, as well as the socio-economic significance of such an enterprise within the framework of the life of a modern resort city. The data obtained during the sociological research allowed us to identify both the objective components of the role of a city-forming enterprise in the social development of a modern resort city, and the subjective assessments of the population regarding the role of a city-forming enterprise. Moreover, within the framework of this sociological study, the key social functions of a city-forming enterprise within the framework of the life of a resort city in the Altai Territory will be considered. The city-forming enterprise has a positively symbiotic relationship with the resort city, comprehensively contributing to its social development. The methodological basis of this work is represented by T. Parsons' structural functionalism and a systematic approach. A questionnaire survey of the population was conducted, as well as an expert survey in the form of in-depth interviews with the heads of the city-forming enterprise and representatives of local authorities. The sample totaled 287 respondents, of which 275 were respondents to the questionnaire survey of the population. Belokurikha, and 12 are participants in an expert survey in the form of an in–depth interview. The empirical data obtained became the basis for determining the role of a city-forming enterprise in the social development of a resort city. The author came to the conclusion that a city-forming enterprise creates fundamental conditions for the social development of a city: it creates jobs, finances projects and events of local importance, improves the infrastructure of the urban environment, and increases the tourist attractiveness of the territory in the short, medium and long term. In addition, the city-forming enterprise creates sufficient investment attractiveness of the territory for the comprehensive further development of the city and the urban environment. Further research in this area is necessary, firstly, it is very important to find those universal components of the role of a city-forming enterprise, which will allow extrapolating the methodology of sociological research to other regions, as well as such studies can quickly identify and resolve the social problems of the resort city.

The subject of the research is the identification of trends in global social changes in the context of the transformation of the world's socio-economic and political order. The authors have designated the established world order following the Second World War and the "Cold" War as the object of their study, noting that it is currently undergoing a profound crisis. The authors carefully examine various aspects of the chosen topic, such as the causes of this crisis of the "rules-based order," including the ideology of neocolonialism, the deepening of global inequality, and the dysfunction of international regulatory institutions. Special attention is given to the analysis of the loss of moral leadership and economic dominance by the collective West, as well as the fundamental shift in the economic balance of power between the Global North and the Global South, driven primarily by the rise of BRICS countries, especially China. The methodological foundation of the research is based on the fundamental works of Russian and foreign scholars. Throughout the work, general theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis were used, as well as cross-country analyses of relevant statistical information from international organizations and secondary analyses of empirical studies by the UN. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the assertions that the modern world is witnessing not merely a crisis but a fundamental transformation of the established socio-economic order. The rules-based world order, created by a global minority to maintain hegemony, is becoming a thing of the past. A significant contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the justification of the thesis that the destructive attempts by the West to maintain dominance through sanctions only accelerate the collapse of this system. The novelty of the research lies in demonstrating the objective nature of these social changes, which rely on a solid economic foundation: the West's definitive loss of economic leadership and the strengthening of the competitive positions of Global South countries, which seek to create a more just and equal world order. The authors argue for the significance of the modern policies of the Russian state aimed at strengthening national sovereignty, including in the sphere of economic development.

The subject of the research is to determine the influence of socio-geographical factors on the continuity of labor practices in the mountain-taiga reindeer husbandry of the Tofalars. The ethnic economy has long been based on a combination of hunting and transport reindeer husbandry, with year-round nomadism. It has been shown that the transition to settled life and the establishment of collective farms prompted changes and adaptations in the ways of utilizing lands, labor skills, and relationships within the ethno-local community, as well as caused significant distortions in the social system. The aim of the work is to identify the adaptive nature of the relationships between traditional skills and new institutional requirements during the transition to sedentarism and collectivization. Special attention is paid to administrative measures and informal agreements that ensure systemic continuity of traditional resource management. The methodological basis consists of concepts of social adaptation, resilience, and ethno-social continuity. The analysis is based on field interviews and archival documents. The novelty of the research lies in the interpretation of the preservation of Tofalar reindeer husbandry through a hybrid model that combines Soviet institutions with traditional practices. As a result, it has been found that the relative stability of the system was ensured by informal agreements, social mutual assistance, and the preservation of the connection between reindeer husbandry and hunting. The main conclusions of the work indicate that the initial goals of the indigenous transformations of the Sayans' reindeer husbandry faced the impossibility of realization due to the insufficient consideration of the systemic nature of local environmental and socio-geographical contexts. The established system of collective reindeer husbandry and hunting arose not only due to administrative coercion but also represents the result of compromises and concessions from Soviet management, reflecting both the "geography" and "ethnography" of a hard-to-reach mountainous region. The developed collective practices and principles of interaction may be significant for the reintroduction and post-crisis development of contemporary reindeer husbandry in Tofalaria.