Legal and factual grounds for the formation of evidence at the pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings

The subject of the study is legal relations arising in connection with the criminal law and criminological aspects of determining the subject of evidence in criminal proceedings and its establishment. The methodological basis of the study is special methods of cognition (formal legal and comparative-legal), and general, which should include methods such as abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and methods of theoretical research - dialectical, ascent from the abstract to the concrete and logical. The main conclusions of the study are that currently the investigator /inquirer at the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings carry out activities to collect, verify and evaluate evidence included in the subject of evidence in a criminal case. This activity is carried out through the implementation of investigative and other procedural actions. Having considered the individual problems of collecting evidence by the investigator/inquirer, we come to the conclusion that, for the purposes of improving pre-trial evidence, it is necessary to clearly regulate the legal status of such an action as "obtaining explanations" in the process of considering a crime report (the form of obtaining explanations; procedural rules for obtaining explanations; legal regulation of the status of those persons from whom explanations are received, etc.) Thus, based on the results of the study, it is concluded that it is necessary to improve a number of norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and specific changes are proposed.

proving, subject of proof, establishment of the subject of proof, proofs, investigative actions, procedural actions, collecting evidence, verification of evidence, evaluation of evidence, obtaining evidence