Биопсихосоциальная модель психолингвистических механизмов формирования навыков речевой коммуникации у детей
- Авторы: Корнев А.Н.1, Балчюниене И.2
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Учреждения:
- Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет
- Университет Витовта Великого
- Выпуск: Том 16, № 2 (2025): Актуальные проблемы психолингвистики, кросс-культурных исследований и поликанальной коммуникации
- Страницы: 337-364
- Раздел: ПСИХОЛИНГВИСТИКА
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2313-2299/article/view/323516
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2025-16-2-337-364
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IZDLAD
- ID: 323516
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Аннотация
Представлена попытка построения биопсихосоциальной модели (далее - БПСМ) психолингвистических механизмов речевого развития на основе синтеза современных научных данных о ранних этапах речевого развития, полученных в естественных и гуманитарных науках, в том числе и в исследованиях авторов. В данной модели процесс овладения ребенком коммуникативно-речевыми навыками рассматривается как формирование адаптивной формы социально ориентированного поведения в контексте определенных индивидуальных интенций и реальных отношений с людьми, в которых ребенок является субъектом этих отношений. Приобретение опыта речевой коммуникации сопровождается формированием функциональной системы языка и речи (ФСЯР). На протяжении первых трех лет жизни ФСЯР детей не только количественно, но и качественно изменяется, перестраивается. Таким образом, целесообразно различать транзиторные версии ФСЯР у детей и окончательную, зрелую версию ФСЯР у взрослых. Особенностью механизмов ФСЯР является большой вес блока коммуникативной прагматики, ответственного у детей за распознавание коммуникативной ситуации, сегментацию речи взрослого (выделение слов) и соотнесение с референтом, что необходимо как для коммуникации, так и для самообучения правильной речи. Рассмотрено формирование механизмов ФСЯР, включающих пять блоков: блок коммуникативной прагматики, блок программирования/декодирования высказываний, семиотическая блок, регуляционный блок и блок операционального обеспечения. Показано, что механизмы речевого развития многообразны, неоднородны и меняются на разных этапах развития ребенка. Как это и свойственно любой функциональной системе, механизмы взаимодействуют и взаимно модулируют друг друга, а компоненты речевой деятельности конкурируют друг с другом в борьбе за когнитивные ресурсы. Это взаимодействие происходит на трех уровнях: психофизиологическом, психолингвистическом и социально-психологическом. Предложенная БПСМ представляется перспективной для изучения, как нормы, так и патологии речевого развития.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
Александр Николаевич Корнев
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: k1949@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6406-1238
Scopus Author ID: 56982662600
ResearcherId: B-6504- 2018
кандидат медицинских наук, доктор психологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой логопатологии, заведующий лабораторией нейрокогнитивных технологий НИЦ
194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2Ингрида Балчюниене
Университет Витовта Великого
Email: ingrimi@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8307-1108
Scopus Author ID: 25642358700
ResearcherId: L-9731-2013
PhD, доцент кафедры литовского языка
44248, Литовская Республика, г. Каунас, ул. К. Донелайчио, д. 58Список литературы
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