Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Russian-Language Version of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AHS)
- Authors: Fomichev V.A.1, Sorokin E.P.1, Konovalchuk N.S.1, Pashkova E.A.1, Sereda A.P.1,2
-
Affiliations:
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
- Academy of Postgraduate Education of Federal Medical Biological Agency
- Issue: Vol 29, No 4 (2023)
- Pages: 78-86
- Section: Clinical studies
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2311-2905/article/view/255335
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/2311-2905-16494
- ID: 255335
Cite item
Abstract
Background. Developed in 1994 by H. Kitaoka et al. the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot scale (AOFAS-AHS) allows to assess pain, function, deformity and alignment of the foot and ankle. There is no Russian-language AOFAS-AHS questionnaire adapted according to current standards in the scientific literature.
The aim of this paper is to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and to assess the validity of the Russian-language version of the AOFAS-AHS scale, including the evaluation of its psychometric properties.
Methods. The original English version of the AOFAS-AHS scale was translated from English into Russian by a native Russian speaker. Then the questionnaire was back-translated into English by another translator whose native language is English. The next stage was the comparison of the original and back-translated versions, followed by the presentation of a pre-final cross-culturally adapted version, which was tested on 10 patients to ensure that the questions were comprehensible. The next step was the approval of the final version and its completion by patients to be operated on the hindfoot or ankle. The printed copy of the final version of the questionnaire was completed by the patients with an interval of 3 days. Total of 44 consecutive patients were enrolled, including 18 women (41%) and 26 men (59%), with a mean age of 61.7 (32-78) years. The psychometric properties of the Russian-language version of the AOFAS-AHS questionnaire (internal consistency, retest reliability, measurement error, responsiveness, and construct validity) were assessed based on the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments) principles.
Results. The mean score according to the AOFAS-AHS scale was 49.6 (min 2; max 82) out of a possible 100. The average time to complete the questionnaire was 4.2 minutes. All hypotheses formulated showed correlations of varying moderate to strong degrees. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.76, which indicates a high level of internal consistency of the elements of the validated questionnaire. A good intra-class consistency of 0.83 was obtained, which shows a high degree of reliability of the questionnaire’s reproducibility. The ceiling and floor effects for the primary results of the questionnaires did not exceed 15%. The mean value of the Russian-language version of the AOFAS-AHS increased to 86.6 after surgical treatment. The values of standardized effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) were 5.56 and 4.83, respectively.
Conclusion. The adapted Russian-language version of the AOFAS-AHS scale showed good psychometric properties and can be recommended for assessment of the physical activity in patients with ankle and hindfoot-related pathology and can also be used for monitoring the changes during the treatment.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Viktor A. Fomichev
Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: fomichef@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0864-0171
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Evgenii P. Sorokin
Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: Sorokinortoped@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9948-9015
Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgNikita S. Konovalchuk
Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: konovalchuk91@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2762-816X
Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgEkaterina A. Pashkova
Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Author for correspondence.
Email: caterinapashkova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3198-9985
Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgAndrey P. Sereda
Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics; Academy of Postgraduate Education of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Email: drsereda@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7500-9219
Dr. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; MoscowReferences
- Horwitz D.S., Richard R.D., Suk M. The reporting of functional outcome instruments in the journal of orthopaedic trauma over a 5-year period. J Orthop Trauma. 2014;28:2-5. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000026.
- Pynsent P.B. Choosing an Outcome Measure. J Bone Joint Surg. 2001;83(6):792-794. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.83B6.11973.
- Hunt K.J., Hurwit D. Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Foot and Ankle Research. J Bone Joint Surg. 2013;95(16):e118(1-9). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.01476.
- Kitaoka H.B., Alexander I.J., Adelaar R.S., Nunley J.A., Myerson M.S., Sanders M. Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(7):349-353. doi: 10.1177/107110079401500701.
- Madeley N.J., Wing K.J., Topliss C., Penner M.J., Glazebrook M.A., Younger A.S. Responsiveness and Validity of the SF-36, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale, AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot Score, and Foot Function Index in end stage ankle arthritis. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33(1):57-63. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2012.0057.
- Ibrahim T., Beiri A., Azzabi M., Best A.J., Taylor G.J., Menon D.K. Reliability and Validity of the Subjective Component of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Clinical Rating Scales. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007;46(2):65-74. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2006.12.002.
- Beaton D.E., Bombardier C., Guillemin F., Ferraz M.B. Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186-3191. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014.
- Amri M.I., Alzhrani M.M., Alanazi A.D., Alqahtani M.M., Kashoo F.Z. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the foot function index in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. J Foot Ankle Res. 2022;15(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s13047-022-00527-6.
- Alhadhoud M., Alsiri N., Alsaffar M., Glazebrook M. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an Arabic version of the American Orthopedics Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS). Foot Ankle Surg. 2020;26(8):876-882. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2019.11.001.
- Rodrigues R.C., Masiero D., Mizusaki J.M., Imoto A.M., Peccin M.S., Cohen M. et al. Translation, cultural adaptation and validity of the “American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale”. Acta Ortop Bras. 2008;16(2):107-111. doi: 10.1590/S1413-78522008000200009.
- de Boer A.S., Tjioe R.J.C., Van der Sijde F., Meuffels D.E., den Hoed P.T., Van der Vlies C.H. et al. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale; translation and validation of the Dutch language version for ankle fractures. BMJ Open. 2017;7(8):e017040. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017040.
- Leigheb M., Janicka P., Andorno S., Marcuzzi A., Magnani C., Grassi F. Italian translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the “American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale”. Acta Biomed. 2016;87(1):38-45.
- Kostuj T., Krummenauer F., Schaper K., Stief F., Zettersten K., Baums M.H. et al. Analysis of agreement between the German translation of the American Foot and Ankle Society’s Ankle and Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AHS) and the Foot Function Index in its validated German translation by Naal et al. (FFI-D). Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(9):1205-1210. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2046-0.
- Sayyed-Hosseinian S.H., Hassankhani G.G., Bagheri F., Alavi N., Shojaie B., Mousavian A. Validation of the Persian Version of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) Questionnaire. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2018;6(3):233-239.
- Analay Akbaba Y., Celik D., Ogut R.T. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of Turkish Version of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016;55(6):1139-1142. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.06.001.
- Cöster M.C., Rosengren B.E., Bremander A., Brudin L., Karlsson M.K. Comparison of the Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS). Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(10):1031-1036. doi: 10.1177/1071100714543647.
- Вискарра Моллинедо Э., Зимина Э.В., Гурина С.А., Ярыгин Н.В. Валидизация шкал и вопросников для оценки функционального состояния и качества жизни пациентов с переломовывихами голеностопного сустава. Российские медицинские вести. 2011;16(2):61-71. Viskarra Mollinedo E., Zimina E.V., Gurina S.A., Yarygin N.V. Scale validation and questionnaires for assessment of functional state and quality of life of patients with ankle joint fractures. Rossijskie medicinskie vesti. 2011;16(2):61-71.
- Mokkink L.B., Terwee C.B., Patrick D.L., Alonso J., Stratford P.W., Knol D.L. et al. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study. Qual Life Res. 2010;19(4):539-549. doi: 10.1007/s11136-010-9606-8.
- Terwee C.B., Bot S.D.M., de Boer M.R., van der Windt D.A.W.M., Knol D.L., Dekker J. et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012.
- Tavakol M., Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53-55. doi: 10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd.
- Husted J.A., Cook R.J., Farewell V.T., Gladman D.D. Methods for assessing responsiveness: a critical review and recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(5): 459-468. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00206-1.
- Deshpande P.R., Rajan S., Sudeepthi B.L., Abdul Nazir C.P. Patient-reported outcomes: A new era in clinical research. Perspect Clin Res. 2011;2(4): 137-144. doi: 10.4103/2229-3485.86879.
- Van Lieshout E.M.M., De Boer A.S., Meuffels D.E,. Den Hoed P.T,. Van der Vlies C.H., Tuinebreijer W.E. et al. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score: a study protocol for the translation and validation of the Dutch language version. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e012884. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012884.
- Erichsen J., Froberg L., Viberg B., Damborg F., Jensen C. Danish Language Version of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AHS) in Patients with Ankle-Related Fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2020;59(4):657-663. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2019.08.027.
- Vosoughi A.R., Roustaei N., Mahdaviazad H. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle–hindfoot scale: A cross-cultural adaptation and validation study from Iran. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;24(3):219-223. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.02.007.
Supplementary files
