Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Thromboembolic Complications in Traumatology and Orthopedics: Methodological Guidelines

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The guidelines describe modern approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients with injuries and after musculoskeletal surgery, in accordance with the interdisciplinary draft of the Clinical Guidelines (2022) “Deep vein thrombosis of the extremities”, which has passed public hearings and is being approved by the Russian Ministry of Health. The guidelines are designed for doctors of various specialties to provide medical care to specialized patients: orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, clinical pharmacologists, health care organizers, medical students, residents, graduate students.

About the authors

Svetlana A. Bozhkova

Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Email: clinpharm-rniito@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2083-2424

Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Rashid M. Tikhilov

Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Email: rtikhilov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0733-2414

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Vyacheslav V. Andriyashkin

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: andriyashkin@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6997-4415

Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Il’dar F. Akhtyamov

Kazan State Medical University

Email: yalta60@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4910-8835

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Kazan

Mikhail V. Belov

Yaroslavl State Medical University; Solovyov Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: Micbelov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7955-3625

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Yaroslavl; Yaroslavl

Sergei V. Dianov

Astrakhan State Medical University

Email: sdianov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1412-9580

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Alina R. Kasimova

Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: kasi-alina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6284-7133

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

Oleg A. Kaplunov

Volgograd State Medical University

Email: volortho@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6634-4162

Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Volgograd

Sergei S. Kopenkin

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: serko2001@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7572-4976

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Dmitrii A. Malanin

Volgograd State Medical University

Email: malanin67@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7507-0570

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Volgograd

Nikita E. Mushtin

Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Email: mushtin.nikita@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7264-7861

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Alexander N. Tsed

Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Email: travma1@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8392-5380

Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

References

  1. Рязанцев Д.И., Прохорова М.Ю., Ченский А.Д., Петров Н.В., Кавалерский Г.М., Заров А.Ю. и др. Анализ риска развития тромбоэмболических осложнений при эндопротезировании суставов у пациентов пожилого возраста в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Вестник ИвГМА. 2016;21(2):35-39.
  2. Копенкин С.С. Профилактика венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений в ортопедической хирургии: новые возможности. Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им Н.Н. Приорова. 2010;(1):35-38.
  3. Rosenfeld B.A., Nguyen N.D., Sung I., Faraday N. Neuroendocrine stress hormones do not recreate the postoperative hypercoagulable state. Anesth Analg. 1998;86(3):640-645. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199803000-00038.
  4. Гайтон А.К., Холл Дж.Э. Медицинская физиология / Пер. с англ. ; под ред. В.И. Кобрина. Москва: Логосфера; 2008. 1296 с.
  5. Falck-Ytter Y., Francis C.W., Johanson N.A., Curley C., Dahl O.E., Schulman S. et al. Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients. Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 SUPPL.):e278S-e325S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2404.
  6. Freedman K.B., Brookenthal K.R., Fitzgerald R.H., Williams S., Lonner J.H. A meta-analysis of thromboembolic prophylaxis following elective total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(7):929-938. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200007000-00004.
  7. Migita K., Bito S., Nakamura M., Miyata S., Saito M., Kakizaki H. et al. Venous thromboembolism after total joint arthroplasty: Results from a Japanese multicenter cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(4). doi: 10.1186/ar4616.
  8. Sarmiento A., Goswami A. Thromboembolic disease prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;(436):138-143. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000161824.52515.31.
  9. Hamilton W.G., Reeves J.D., Fricka K.B., Goyal N., Engh G.A., Parks N.L. Mechanical thromboembolic prophylaxis with risk stratification in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(1):43-45. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.08.006
  10. Geerts W.H., Bergqvist D., Pineo G.F., Heit J.A., Samama C.M., Lassen M.R. et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 SUPPL. 6):381S-453S. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0656.
  11. Di Nisio M., van Es N., Büller H.R. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3060-3073. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30514-1.
  12. Kahn S.R. The post-thrombotic syndrome. Hematology. 2016;2016(1):413-418. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.413.
  13. Ast M.P., Gorab A.H., Banka T.R., Lee L., Lyman S., Westrich G.H. Clinical outcomes of patients with non-fatal VTE after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(1):37-39. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.04.013.
  14. Лебедев А.К., Кузнецова О.Ю. Тромбоз глубоких вен нижних конечностей. Российский семейный врач. 2015;19(3):4-16. doi: 10.17816/RFD201534-16.
  15. Lebedev A.K., Kuznetsova O.Y. [Deep venous trombosis of lower extremities]. Rossiiskii semeinyi vrach [Russian Family Doctor]. 2015;19(3):4-16. (In Russian). doi: 10.17816/RFD201534-16.
  16. Хирургические болезни: учебно-метод. пособие. Под ред. С.А. Чернядьева. Екатеринбург; 2019. 37 с.
  17. [Surgical diseases]. Ed by. S.A. Chernyadev. Ekaterinburg; 2019. 37 с.
  18. Whitlock R.P., Sun J.C., Fremes S.E., Rubens F.D., Teoh K.H. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for valvular disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 SUPPL.):e576S-e600S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2305.
  19. Golemi I., Pablo J., Adum S., Tafur A., Caprini J. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis using the Caprini score. Dis Mon. 2019;65(8):249-298. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.12.005
  20. Профилактика венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений в травматологии и ортопедии. Российские клинические рекомендации. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2012;63(1):3-24.
  21. [Prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in traumatology and orthopedics. Russian clinical guidelines]. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and orthopedics of Russia]. 2012;63 (Suppl 1):3-24. (In Russian).
  22. Ахтямов И.Ф., Зиатдинов Б.Г., Кильметов Т.А., Гарифуллов Г.Г. Эффективность электронейростимуляции как метода профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений при эндопротезировании тазобедренного сустава. Практическая медицина. 2017;8(109):29-35.
  23. Akhtyamov I.F., Ziatdinov B.G., Kilmetov T.A., Garifullov G.G. [Efficiency of electroneurostimulation method for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in hip arthroplasty]. Prakticheskaya meditsina [Practical Medicine]. 2017;8(109):29-35. (In Russian).
  24. Guyatt G.H., Akl E.A., Crowther M., Gutterman D.D., Schünemann H.J. Executive summary: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 SUPPL.):7S-47S. doi: 10.1378/chest.1412S3.
  25. National Guideline Centre (UK). Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: Reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2018 Mar.
  26. Jenny J.Y., Pabinger I., Samama C.M. European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(2):123-129. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000728.
  27. Arthroplasty Society of Australia guidelines for VTE prophylaxis for hip and knee arthroplasty: Australian Orthopaedic Association. Published 2018. Available from: https://aoa.org.au/about-aoa/subspecialties/arthroplasty.
  28. Anderson D.R., Dunbar M.J., Bohm E.R., Belzile E., Kahn S.R., Zukor D. et al. Aspirin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):800-806. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00004.
  29. Касимова А.Р., Божкова С. Влияние фармакологической тромбопрофилактики, турникета и дренирования на геморрагические осложнения в ранние сроки после эндопротезирования коленного сустава: предварительные результаты. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2019;25(3):70-80. doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-3-70-80.
  30. Kasimova A.R., Bozhkova S.A., Tikhilov R.M., Saraev A.V., Petukhov A.I., Zhuravkov A.A. et al. [The effect of Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis, Tourniquet and Drainage on Hemorrhagic complications in the early Stage after Knee arthroplasty: Preliminary Results]. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and orthopedics of Russia]. 2019;25(3):70-80. (In Russian). doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-3-70-80.
  31. Заболотских И.Б., Киров М.Ю., Божкова С.А., Буланов А.Ю., Воробьева Н.А., Григорьев Е.В. и др. Периоперационное ведение бьольных, получающих длительную антитромботическую терапию. Клинические рекомендации. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2014;(4):4-14.
  32. Zabolotskikh I.B., Kirov M.Yu., Bozhkova S.A., Bulanov A.Yu., Vorob’eva N.A., Grigor’ev E.V. et al. [Perioperative management of patients receiving long-term antithrombotic therapy. Clinical guidelines]. Anesteziologiya i reanimatologiya [Russian Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimatology]. 2014;(4):4-14.
  33. Ревишвили А.Ш., Шляхто Е.В., Замятин М.Н., Баранова Е.И., Божкова С.А., Вавилова Т.В. и др. Особенности оказания экстренной и неотложной медицинской помощи пациентам, получающим прямые оральные антикоагулянты. Вестник аритмологии. 2018;(92):59-72.
  34. Revishvili A.Sh., Shlyakhto E.V., Zamyatin M.N., Baranova E.I., Bozhkova S.A., Vavilova T.V. et al. [Peculiar features of urgent and emergency medical care of patients taking direct oral anticoagulants: consensus statement of multidisciplinary expert group]. Vestnik aritmologii [Journal of Arrhythmology]. 2018;(92):59-72. (In Russian).
  35. Российские клинические рекомендации по профилактике и лечению ВТЭО. Флебология. 2015;9(4, выпуск 2):4-52.
  36. [Russian clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of VTEO]. Flebologiya [Phlebology]. 2015;9(4, issue 2):4-52. (In Russian).
  37. Schulman S., Konstantinides S., Hu Y., Tang L.V. Venous Thromboembolic Diseases: Diagnosis, Management and Thrombophilia Testing: Observations on NICE Guideline [NG158]. Thromb Haemost. 2020;120(8):1143-1146. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712913.
  38. Tveit D.P., Hypolite I.O., Hshieh P., Cruess D., Agodoa L.Y., Welch P.G. et al. Chronic dialysis patients have high risk for pulmonary embolism. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(5):1011-1017. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2002.32774.
  39. Li Q., Dai B., Yao Y., Song K., Chen D., Jiang Q. Chronic Kidney Dysfunction Can Increase the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/8260487.
  40. Lazrak H.H., René É., Elftouh N., Leblanc M., Lafrance J.P. Safety of low-molecular-weight heparin compared to unfractionated heparin in hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12882-017-0596-4.
  41. Karaoui L.R., Tawil S., Salameh P., Chamoun N. Enoxaparin 20 mg for thromboprophylaxis in severe renal impairment. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(1):225-234. doi: 10.1177/0300060518799896.
  42. Grootendorst D.C., Jager K.J., van Dijk P.C., Tomas L.M.J., Ansell D. CLINICIAN’ S CORNER Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular. JAMA. 2009;302(16):1782-1789. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1488.
  43. Tsai M.H., Fang Y.W., Leu J.G. Tinzaparin provides lower lipid profiles in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A cross-sectional observational study. Sci World J. 2014;2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/486781.
  44. Garcia D.A., Baglin T.P., Weitz J.I., Samama M.M. Parenteral anticoagulants - Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 SUPPL.):e24S-e43S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2291.
  45. Aursulesei V., Costache I.I. Anticoagulation in chronic kidney disease: from guidelines to clinical practice. Clin Cardiol. 2019;42(8):774-782. doi: 10.1002/clc.23196.
  46. Jameson S.S., Augustine A., James P., Serrano-Pedraza I., Oliver K., Townshend D. et al. Venous thromboembolic events following foot and ankle surgery in the English National Health Service. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011; 93 B(4):490-497. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B4.25731.
  47. Calder J.D.F., Freeman R., Domeij-Arverud E., van Dijk C.N., Ackermann P.W. Meta-analysis and suggested guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in foot and ankle surgery. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(4):1409-1420. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3976-y.
  48. Bikdeli B., Chatterjee S., Desai N.R., Kirtane A.J., Desai M.M., Bracken M.B. et al. Inferior Vena Cava Filters to Prevent Pulmonary Embolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(13):1587-1597. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.775.
  49. Weisman M.H.S., Holmes J.R., Irwin T.A., Talusan P.G. Venous Thromboembolic Prophylaxis in Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Review of Current Literature and Practice. Foot Ankle Spec. 2017;10(4):343-351. doi: 10.1177/1938640017692417.
  50. Jameson S.S., James P., Howcroft D.W.J., Serrano-Pedraza I., Rangan A., Reed M.R. et al. Venous thromboembolic events are rare after shoulder surgery: Analysis of a national database. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2011;20(5):764-770. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.11.034.
  51. Ojike N.I., Bhadra A.K., Giannoudis P. V., Roberts C.S. Venous thromboembolism in shoulder surgery: a systematic review. Acta Orthop Belg. 2011;77(3):281-289.
  52. Sager B., Ahn J., Tran J., Khazzam M. Timing and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism After Rotator Cuff Repair in the 30-Day Perioperative Period. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(11):3011-3018. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.05.045.
  53. Mosenthal W.P., Landy D.C., Boyajian H.H., Idowu O.A., Shi L.L., Ramos E. et al. Thromboprophylaxis in spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(8):E474-E481. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002379.
  54. Shiqing W., Shengzhong M., Cheng Z., Guangqing C., Chunzheng G. Efficacy of low molecular weight heparin in spinal trauma patients after part concentrated screw surgery and its influence on blood parameters and the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Med Hypotheses. 2019;132. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109330.
  55. Faraoni D., Comes R.F., Geerts W., Wiles M.D. European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(2):90-95. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000710.
  56. Gill S.K., Pearce A.R., Everington T., Rossiter N.D. Mechanical prophylaxis, early mobilisation and risk stratification: as effective as drugs for low risk patients undergoing primary joint replacement. Results in 13,384 patients. Surgeon. 2020;18(4):219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2019.11.002.
  57. Routhier N., Tagalakis V., Bouchard-Duchene V. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. BMJ Best Practice. Available from: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1087.
  58. Chung W.S., Lin C.L., Chang S.N., Chung H.A., Sung F.C., Kao C.H. Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord injury: A nationwide cohort prospective study. Thromb Res. 2014;133(4):579-584. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.01.008.
  59. Сомонова О.В., Антух Э.А., Елизарова А.Л., Матвеева И.И., Сельчук В.Ю., Черкасов В.А. Практические рекомендации по профилактике и лечению тромбоэмболических осложнений у онкологических больных. Злокачественные опухоли: Практические рекомендации RUSSCO. 2017;3s2:553-558. doi: 10.18027/2224–5057–2017–7–3s2–553–558.
  60. Somonova O.V., Antukh E.A., Elizarova A.L., Matveeva I.I., Sel’chuk V.Yu., Cherkosov V.A. [Practical recommendations for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications in oncological patients]. Malignant Tumors. 2017;(3s2):553-558. (In Russian). doi: 10.18027 / 2224–5057–2017–7–3s2–553–558.
  61. Хороненко В.Э., Чиссов В.И., Суворин П.А., Баскаков Д.С. Периоперационная профилактика венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений в плановой онкохирургии. Исследования и практика в медицине. 2016;3(4):61-69. doi: 10.17709/2409-2231-2016-3-4-7.
  62. Khoronenko V.E., Chissov V.I., Suvorin P.A., Baskakov D.S. [Perioperative prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in routine oncosurgery]. Issledovaniya i praktika v meditsine [Research’n Practical Medicine Journal]. 2016;3(4):61-69. (In Russian). doi: 10.17709/2409-2231-2016-3-4-7.
  63. Carrier M., Le Gal G., Wells P.S., Fergusson D., Ramsay T., Rodger M.A. Systematic review: The Trousseau syndrome revisited: Should we screen extensively for cancer in patients with venous thromboembolism? Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(5):323-333. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00007.
  64. Watson H.G., Keeling D.M., Laffan M., Tait R.C., Makris M. Guideline on aspects of cancer-related venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol. 2015;170(5):640-648. doi: 10.1111/bjh.13556.
  65. Fleischer A.E., Abicht B.P., Baker J.R., Boffeli T.J., Jupiter D.C., Schade V.L. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons’ Clinical Consensus Statement: Risk, Prevention, and Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism Disease in Foot and Ankle Surgery and Injuries Requiring Immobilization. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015;54(3):497-507. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.02.022.
  66. Kim S.M., Park J.M., Shin S.H., Seo S.W. Risk factors for post-operative venous thromboembolism in patients with a malignancy of the lower limb. Bone Joint J. 2013; 95 B(4):558-562. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B4.30416.
  67. Morii T., Mochizuki K., Tajima T., Aoyagi T., Satomi K. Venous thromboembolism in the management of patients with musculoskeletal tumor. J Orthop Sci. 2010;15(6):810-815. doi: 10.1007/s00776-010-1539-0
  68. Llau J. V., Kamphuisen P., Albaladejo P. European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(2):139-141. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000716.
  69. Fleisher L.A., Fleischmann K.E., Auerbach A.D., Barnason S.A., Beckman J.A., Bozkurt B. et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;130(24):e278-e333. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000106.
  70. Heidbuchel H., Verhamme P., Alings M., Antz M., Diener H.C., Hacke W. et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-Vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2015;17(10):1467-1507. doi: 10.1093/europace/euv309.
  71. Raval A.N., Cigarroa J.E., Chung M.K., Diaz-Sandoval L.J., Diercks D., Piccini J.P. et al. Management of patients on Non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in the acute care and periprocedural setting. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e604-e633. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000477.
  72. Steffel J., Collins R., Antz M., Cornu P., Desteghe L., Haeusler K.G. et al. 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Europace. 2021;23(10):1612-1676. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab065.
  73. Eikelboom J.W., Kozek-Langenecker S., Exadaktylos A., Batorova A., Boda Z., Christory F. et al. Emergency care of patients receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(4):645-656. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.082.
  74. Kitchen L., Lawrence M., Speicher M., Frumkin K. Emergency Department Management of Suspected Calf-Vein Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Diagnostic Algorithm. West J Emerg Med. 2016;17(4):384-390. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2016.5.29951.
  75. Roy P.M., Meyer G., Vielle B., Le Gall C., Verschuren F., Carpentier F. et al. Appropriateness of diagnostic management and outcomes of suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(3):157-164. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00003.
  76. Bernardi E., Camporese G., Büller H.R., Siragusa S., Imberti D., Berchio A., et al. Serial 2-point ultrasonography plus D-dimer vs whole-leg color-coded Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosing suspected symptomatic deep vein thrombosis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;300(14):1653-1659. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.14.1653.
  77. Michiels J.J., Michiels J.M., Moossdorff W., Lao M., Maasland H., Palareti G. Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, and prevention of deep vein thrombosis recurrence and the post-thrombotic syndrome in the primary care medicine setting anno 2014. World J Crit Care Med. 2015;4(1):29-39. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v4.i1.29.
  78. Righini M., Robert-Ebadi H. Diagnosis of acute Pulmonary Embolism. Hamostaseologie. 2018;38(1):11-21. doi: 10.5482/HAMO-17-07-0023.
  79. Dronkers C.E.A., van der Hulle T., Le Gal G., Kyrle P.A., Huisman M. V., Cannegieter S.C. et al. Towards a tailored diagnostic standard for future diagnostic studies in pulmonary embolism: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(5):1040-1043. doi: 10.1111/jth.13654.
  80. Pollack C. V., Schreiber D., Goldhaber S.Z., Slattery D., Fanikos J., O’Neil B.J. et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: Initial report of EMPEROR (multicenter emergency medicine pulmonary embolism in the real world registry). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(6):700-706. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.071.
  81. Wells P.S., Anderson D.R., Rodger M., Forgie M., Kearon C., Dreyer J. et al. Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(13):1227-1235. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa023153.
  82. Modi S., Deisler R., Gozel K., Reicks P., Irwin E., Brunsvold M. et al. Wells criteria for DVT is a reliable clinical tool to assess the risk of deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients. World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11(1). doi: 10.1186/s13017-016-0078-1.
  83. Douma R.A., Gibson N.S., Gerdes V.E.A., Büller H.R., Wells P.S., Perrier A. et al. Validity and clinical utility of the simplified Wells rule for assessing clinical probability for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost. 2009;101(1):197-200. doi: 10.1160/TH08-07-0444.
  84. Douma R.A., Mos I., Erkens P., Nizert T. Original Research Performance of 4 Clinical Decision Rules in the Diagnostic Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism. A prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(11):709-718. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-00002.
  85. van Es N., Kraaijpoel N., Klok F.A., Huisman M.V., Den Exter P.L., Mos I.C.M. et al. The original and simplified Wells rules and age-adjusted D-dimer testing to rule out pulmonary embolism: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(4): 678-684. doi: 10.1111/jth.13630.
  86. Wells P.S., Anderson D.R., Rodger M., Ginsberg J.S., Kearon C., Gent M. et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83(3):416-420.
  87. Shen J.H., Chen H.L., Chen J.R., Xing J.L., Gu P., Zhu B.F. Comparison of the Wells score with the revised Geneva score for assessing suspected pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(3):482-492. doi: 10.1007/s11239-015-1250-2.
  88. Kamolratanapiboon K., Tantanate C. Inappropriate use of D-dimer and impact on the test characteristics for deep vein thrombosis exclusion. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2019;79(6):431-436. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1658214.
  89. Zhang Y., Xia H., Wang Y., Chen L., Li S., Hussein I.A. еt al. The rate of missed diagnosis of lower-limb DVT by ultrasound amounts to 50% or so in patients without symptoms of DVT: A meta-analysis. Med (United States). 2019;98(37). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017103.
  90. Zhang L.D., Liu H.B., Li Y.N., Ma H.M., Liu Y.B., Wang M.Y. Correlation analysis between plasma D-dimer levels and orthopedic trauma severity. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012;125(17):3133-3136.
  91. Yoshiiwa T., Miyazaki M., Takita C., Itonaga I., Tsumura H. Analysis of measured D-dimer levels for detection of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after spinal surgery. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2011;24(4). doi: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e3181f60603.
  92. Stein P.D., Hull R.D., Patel K.C., Olson R.E., Ghali W.A., Brant R. et al. D-Dimer for the Exclusion of Acute Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(8). doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00005.
  93. Huisman M.V. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. J Am Med Assoc. 2006;295(2):172-179. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.2.172.
  94. Wells P.S., Anderson D.R., Rodger M., Stiell I., Dreyer J.F., Barnes D. et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: Management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and D-dimer. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135(2):98-107. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00010.
  95. Pomero F., Dentali F., Borretta V., Bonzini M., Melchio R., Douketis J.D. et al. Accuracy of emergency physician-performed ultrasonography in the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost. 2013;109(1):137-145. doi: 10.1160/TH12-07-0473.
  96. Shiver S.A., Lyon M., Blaivas M., Adhikari S. Prospective comparison of emergency physician-performed venous ultrasound and CT venography for deep venous thrombosis. Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28(3):354-358. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.01.009.
  97. Righini M., Le Gal G., Aujesky D., Roy P.M., Sanchez O., Verschuren F. et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by multidetector CT alone or combined with venous ultrasonography of the leg: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9621):1343-1352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60594-2.
  98. Le Gal G., Righini M., Sanchez O., Roy P.M., Baba-Ahmed M., Perrier A. et al. A positive compression ultrasonography of the lower limb veins is highly predictive of pulmonary embolism on computed tomography in suspected patients. Thromb Haemost. 2006;95(6):963-966. doi: 10.1160/TH06-03-0158.
  99. Lemech L.D., Sandroussi C., Makeham V., Burnett A., Harris J.P. Is bilateral duplex scanning necessary in patients with symptoms of deep venous thrombosis? ANZ J Surg. 2004;74(10):847-851. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-1433.2004.03187.x.
  100. Jawa R.S., Warren K., Young D., Wagner M., Nelson L., Yetter D. et al. Venous thromboembolic disease in trauma and surveillance ultrasonography. J Surg Res. 2011;167(1):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.09.046.
  101. Katz D.S., Loud P.A., Hurewitz A.N., Mueller R., Grossman Z.D. CT Venography in Suspected Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2004;25(1):67-80. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2003.10.002.
  102. Kanne J.P., Lalani T.A. Role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2004;109(12 Suppl 1):115-121. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000122871.86662.72.
  103. Rahaghi F.N., Minhas J.K., Heresi G.A. Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: New Imaging Tools and Modalities. Clin Chest Med. 2018;39(3):493-504. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.003.
  104. Loud P.A., Katz D.S., Bruce D.A., Klippenstein D.L., Grossman Z.D. Deep venous thrombosis with suspected pulmonary embolism: Detection with combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography. Radiology. 2001;219(2):498-502. doi: 10.1148/radiology.219.2.r01ma26498.
  105. Song K., Yao Y., Rong Z., Shen Y., Zheng M., Jiang Q. The preoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its correlation with postoperative DVT in patients undergoing elective surgery for femoral neck fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016;136(10):1459-1464. doi: 10.1007/s00402-016-2535-4.
  106. Zhang B.F., Wei X., Huang H., Wang P.F., Liu P., Qu S.W. et al. Deep vein thrombosis in bilateral lower extremities after hip fracture: A retrospective study of 463 patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:681-689. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S161191.
  107. Cho Y.H., Byun Y.S., Jeong D.G., Han I.H., Park Y.B. Preoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis after hip fractures in Korean. CiOS Clin Orthop Surg. 2015;7(3):298-302. doi: 10.4055/cios.2015.7.3.298.
  108. Smith E.B., Parvizi J., Purtill J.J. Delayed surgery for patients with femur and hip fractures-risk of deep venous thrombosis. J Trauma. 2011;70(6):E113-E116. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31821b8768.
  109. Fu Y.H., Liu P., Xu X., Wang P.F., Shang K., Ke C. et al. Deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities after femoral neck fracture: A retrospective observational study. J Orthop Surg. 2020;28(1). doi: 10.1177/2309499019901172.
  110. Dermody M., Alessi-Chinetti J., Iafrati M.D., Estes J.M. The utility of screening for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic, non-ambulatory neurosurgical patients. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(5):1309-1315. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.115.
  111. Tak T., Karturi S., Sharma U., Eckstein L., Poterucha J.T., Sandoval Y. Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Contemporary Approach to Diagnosis, Risk-Stratification, and Management. Int J Angiol. 2019;28(2):100-111. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1692636.
  112. Abusibah H., Abdelaziz M.M., Standen P., Bhatia P., Hamad M.M. Ambulatory management of pulmonary embolism. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2018;79(1):18-25. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.1.18.
  113. Moore C., McNamara K., Liu R. Challenges and Changes to the Management of Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department. Clin Chest Med. 2018;39(3):539-547. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.009.
  114. Kearon C., Akl E.A., Comerota A.J., Prandoni P., Bounameaux H., Goldhaber S.Z. et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419S-e496S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2301.
  115. Kearon C., Akl E.A., Ornelas J., Blaivas A., Jimenez D., Bounameaux H. et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2016;149(2):315-352. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026.
  116. Agnelli G., Buller H.R., Cohen A., Curto M., Gallus A.S., Johnson M. et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(9):799-808. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1302507.
  117. Cosmi B., Filippini M., Tonti D., Avruscio G., Ghirarduzzi A., Bucherini E. et al. A randomized double-blind study of low-molecular-weight heparin (parnaparin) for superficial vein thrombosis: STEFLUX (Superficial ThromboEmbolism and Fluxum). J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(6):1026-1035. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04727.x.
  118. Decousus H., Prandoni P., Mismetti P., Bauersachs R.M., Boda Z., Brenner B. et al. Fondaparinux for the treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis in the legs. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(13): 1222-1232. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0912072.
  119. Decousus H. A pilot randomized double-blind comparison of a low-molecular-weight heparin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, and placebo in the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(14):1657-1663. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.14.1657.
  120. Cote L.P., Greenberg S., Caprini J.A., Tafur A., Choi C., Muñoz F.J. et al. Comparisons between Upper and Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Review of the RIETE Registry. Clin Appl Thromb. 2017;23(7):748-754. doi: 10.1177/1076029616663847.
  121. Schastlivtsev I., Lobastov K., Tsaplin S., Kanzafarova I., Barinov V., Laberko L. et al. Rivaroxaban in the treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: A single-center experience and review of the literature. Thromb Res. 2019;181:24-28. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.008.
  122. van den Houten M.M.L., van Grinsven R., Pouwels S., Yo L.S.F., van Sambeek M.R.H.M., Teijink J.A.W. Treatment of upper-extremity outflow thrombosis. Phlebology. 2016;31(1 Suppl):28-33. doi: 10.1177/0268355516632661.
  123. Aschwanden M., Jeanneret C., Koller M.T., Thalhammer C., Bucher H.C., Jaeger K.A. Effect of prolonged treatment with compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic sequelae: A randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47(5):1015-1021. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.008.
  124. Ginsberg J.S., Hirsh J., Julian J., LaandeVries M. Vander, Magier D., MacKinnon B. et al. Prevention and treatment of postphlebitic syndrome: Results of a 3-part study. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(17):2105-2109. doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.17.2105.
  125. Konstantinides S.V., Meyer G., Galié N., Simon R., Gibbs J., Aboyans V. et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Respir J. 2019;54(3). doi: 10.1183/13993003.01647-2019.
  126. Lee A.Y.Y., Levine M.N., Baker R.I., Bowden C., Kakkar A.K., Prins M. et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(2):146-153. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa025313.
  127. Woodruff S., Lee A.Y.Y., Carrier M., Feugère G., Abreu P., Heissler J. Low-molecular-weight-heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in high- and low-risk patients with active cancer: a post hoc analysis of the CLOT Study. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2019;47(4):495-504. doi: 10.1007/s11239-019-01833-w.
  128. Bates S.M., Rajasekhar A., Middeldorp S., McLintock C., Rodger M.A., James A.H. et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: Venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3317-3359. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024802.
  129. Shin W.C., Woo S.H., Lee S.J., Lee J.S., Kim C., Suh K.T. Preoperative prevalence of and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with a hip fracture an indirect multidetector CT venography study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(24):2089-2095. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.15.01329.
  130. Marti C., John G., Konstantinides S., Combescur C., Sanchez O., Lankeit M. et al. Systemic thrombolytic therapy for acute pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(10):605-614. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu218.
  131. Dua A., Heller J.A., Patel B., Desai S.S. Variability in the Management of Superficial Venous Thrombophlebitis across Practitioners Based in North America and the Global Community. Thrombosis. 2014;2014:1-6. doi: 10.1155/2014/306018.
  132. Di Nisio M., Wichers I.M., Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2018(2). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub6.
  133. Wichers I., Di Nisio M., Buller H., Middeldorp S. Treatment of superficial vein thrombosis to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Haematologica. 2005;90(5):672-677.
  134. Mismetti P., Laporte S., Pellerin O., Ennezat P.V., Couturaud F., Elias A. et al. Effect of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone on risk of recurrent pulmonary embolism: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(16):1627-1635. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3780.
  135. Shao M., Zhao J., Mei J., Zhang J., Pan Y. [Application of inferior vena cava filters in prevention of peri-operative pulmonary embolism in patients with bone fracture combined with deep venous thrombosis: a report of 572 cases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2012;50(5):418-421. (In Chinese).
  136. Pan Y., Zhao J., Sun Y., Chen Y., Zhou X., Xia R. et al. [A single-center retrospective study on the intraluminal implantation of inferior vena cava filter for the lower extremity trauma patients with deep venous thrombosis]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2014;52(4):254-257. (In Chinese).

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2022 Bozhkova S.A., Tikhilov R.M., Andriyashkin V.V., Akhtyamov I.F., Belov M.V., Dianov S.V., Kasimova A.R., Kaplunov O.A., Kopenkin S.S., Malanin D.A., Mushtin N.E., Tsed A.N.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».