«ΕΙΔΟΣ» and its categorical predication by Aristotle

Background. The relevance of this study is due to the role of Aristotle in the issue of systematization of science. It was Aristotle who laid the foundations of the modern classification of objects of study. He used "ΕΙΔΟΣ" as a classification unit. The article clarifies Aristotle's teaching on categories and provides an opportunity to consider its influence on the evolution of the scientific apparatus. The purpose of the work is to comprehensively consider the idea of categories, deducing the tradition to the Pythagoreans and Plato. Materials and methods. Based on the texts of the works "Topics", "Metaphysics", "Physics" it was established that Aristotle, following Plato, believed the method of division as a way to find the substance (essence) of a thing, which is possible if you start with the most general generic categories that certify the existence of any subject. To obtain this conclusion, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used. Results. Based on the analysis of sources, it was established that the mental act is carried out in close connection with things that are subject to further division. According to Aristotle, "man" is something that cannot be further divided, the Philosopher calls man a species and can only be called an attribute. Conclusions. The authors come to the conclusion that the category type is based on the relationship between questions and answers, and the mental act is carried out in close connection with things. Classical Aristotelian mental study of objects begins with the verification of their existence. Aristotle's ideas influenced the development of logic and the theory of knowledge during the Middle Ages and are not possible outside of objects of real existing thingness. In modern logic, attribution and predication are used synonymously.